VOA慢速英语--宇航员在太空如何清洗衣服？

Have you ever wondered how astronauts clean their clothes in space? You may find the answer surprising – they do not.

They wear their under clothes, and everything else, until they cannot take the dirt and smell anymore. Then, they throw them away.

NASA wants to change that - if not at the International Space Station (ISS), then the moon and Mars. This would mean the end to throwing away lots of dirty clothes every year. Up to now, they simply had to put them with other waste in old supply ships to burn up in the atmosphere. NASA is working with the U.S. company, Procter & Gamble (P&G), to learn how best to clean astronauts' clothes in space. They could use the clothes for months or even years, just like on Earth.

P&G announced Tuesday that it will send Tide detergent¹ and dirt removal experiments to the space station later this year and next year. The battle against dirty and sweaty clothes in space has begun.

It is not a small problem, especially as the U.S. and other countries plan to establish bases on the moon and Mars.

Throwing clothes away is wasteful²

NASA says rocket storage space is small and costly³. So, why waste it on new clothes if they could keep their old clothes looking and smelling fresh? An astronaut needs 68 kilograms of clothes in space per year. Mark Sivik is a chemist specializing in fabric⁴ and home care technology for P&G. The clothes would use a lot of storage space, especially on a three-year Mars mission, he said.

There are also the problems of health and comfort.

Space station astronauts exercise two hours every day to fight the effects of weightlessness on their bodies. That quickly leaves their workout clothes sweaty, smelly and stiff. Leland Melvin is a former NASA astronaut and NFL player. He says their exercise clothing becomes so unpleasant that they use a new set every week.

"After that, they're deemed toxic⁵," said Melvin, who serves as a spokesperson for P&G's project. "They like have a life of their own. They're so stiff from all that sweat."

While NASA and the other space station partners have researched ways to lengthen⁶ wear time with special antimicrobial clothes, that is not a long-term solution.

In its first experiment, P&G will send up detergent made just for space in December. Scientists will then see how the compounds in the detergent react to six months of weightlessness. Next May, they will send stain-removal pens and cloths to the ISS for testing by astronauts.

At the same time, P&G is developing a washer-dryer machine that could operate on the moon or even Mars. It would use small amounts of water and detergent. Such a machine could also be useful in dry places here on Earth.

One of the many design problems is that the washing water would need to be reclaimed⁷ for drinking and cooking. This is done now with human liquid waste and sweat on the space station.

"The best solutions come from the most diverse teams," Melvin said, "and how more diverse can you be than Tide and NASA?"

Words in This Story

detergent – n. a powder or liquid that is used to clean clothes or dishes

sweat – n. to produce a clear liquid from your skin when you are hot or nervous

fabric – n. woven or knitted material; cloth

stiff – adj. difficult to bend or move

deem – v. to think of (someone or something) in a particular way

toxic - adj. containing poisonous substances

microbe – n. an extremely small living thing that can only be seen with a microscope

stain – n. a mark made on a surface or a piece of clothing that is very hard or impossible to remove

diverse – adj. different from each other

1 detergent   

n.洗涤剂；adj.有洗净力的

参考例句：

• He recommended a new detergent to me.他向我推荐一种新的洗涤剂。
• This detergent can remove stubborn stains.这种去污剂能去除难洗的污渍。

2 wasteful   

adj.（造成）浪费的，挥霍的

参考例句：

• It is a shame to be so wasteful.这样浪费太可惜了。
• Duties have been reassigned to avoid wasteful duplication of work.为避免重复劳动浪费资源，任务已经重新分派。

3 costly   

adj.昂贵的，价值高的，豪华的

参考例句：

• It must be very costly to keep up a house like this.维修这么一幢房子一定很昂贵。
• This dictionary is very useful,only it is a bit costly.这本词典很有用，左不过贵了些。

4 fabric   

n.织物，织品，布；构造，结构，组织

参考例句：

• The fabric will spot easily.这种织品很容易玷污。
• I don't like the pattern on the fabric.我不喜欢那块布料上的图案。

5 toxic   

adj.有毒的，因中毒引起的

参考例句：

• The factory had accidentally released a quantity of toxic waste into the sea.这家工厂意外泄漏大量有毒废物到海中。
• There is a risk that toxic chemicals might be blasted into the atmosphere.爆炸后有毒化学物质可能会进入大气层。

6 lengthen   

vt.使伸长，延长

参考例句：

• He asked the tailor to lengthen his coat.他请裁缝把他的外衣放长些。
• The teacher told her to lengthen her paper out.老师让她把论文加长。

7 reclaimed   

adj.再生的；翻造的；收复的；回收的v.开拓( reclaim的过去式和过去分词 )；要求收回；从废料中回收（有用的材料）；挽救

参考例句：

• Many sufferers have been reclaimed from a dependence on alcohol. 许多嗜酒成癖的受害者已经被挽救过来。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• They reclaimed him from his evil ways. 他们把他从邪恶中挽救出来。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》