VOA慢速英语2021 美国可能批准对部分群体接种疫苗加强针

The U.S. government's top infectious disease expert says a booster COVID-19 vaccination¹ will be recommended for people with a weakened immune system.

美国政府最高传染病专家表示，建议免疫系统薄弱群体接种新冠疫苗加强针。

Speaking to television news program CBS This Morning, Dr. Anthony Fauci said Thursday that he expected the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, to recommend the booster shot very soon. People with a weakened immune system are those who undergo major surgery, are being treated for cancer or have other serious health conditions.

安东尼·福奇博士周四在接受电视新闻节目CBS This Morning采访时表示，他预计美国食品和药品管理局很快会推荐接种加强针。免疫系统薄弱群体是指经历大手术、正在接受癌症治疗或是存在其它严重健康问题的人群。

For groups such as old people, Fauci said health officials are still collecting information. But he added that "it is likely to happen at some point in the future." Fauci noted² that vaccine³ efficacy would not last forever.

福奇表示，对于老年人等群体，卫生官员仍在收集信息。但是他还说：“未来某个时候可能也会接种加强针。”福奇指出，疫苗效力不会永久持续。

Earlier this year, the head of Pfizer told CNBC that people will "likely" need a booster shot within 12 months. And drug maker⁴ Johnson & Johnson suggested that people might need a COVID-19 shot yearly like a flu vaccine.

今年早些时候，辉瑞公司负责人对CNBC表示，人们可能需要在12个月内接种加强针。强生制药公司提出，人们可能需要像流感疫苗一样，每年接种一次新冠疫苗。

Fauci advised people to get the same kind of vaccine that they had received the first time. The FDA has so far approved vaccines⁵ from Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna and Johnson & Johnson for emergency use in the United States.

福奇建议人们选择与首次接种时相同的疫苗。美国食品和药品管理局已经批准辉瑞、莫德纳和强生公司的疫苗在美国紧急使用。

The debate over a booster shot

加强针之争

The World Health Organization (WHO), however, said developed countries should not order additional shots for their vaccinated⁶ population. It noted that billions of people around the world have not received their first shot.

然而世卫组织表示，发达国家不应该为他们的已接种群体订购额外的疫苗。该机构指出，全球还有数十亿人没得接种第一针疫苗。

Dr. Soumya Swaminathan is the WHO's chief scientist. She said the United Nations health agency does not know of evidence showing that booster shots were necessary for fully⁷ vaccinated people. "It has to be based on the science and the data, not on individual companies declaring that their vaccines need to be administered as a booster dose," she said.

苏米亚·斯瓦米纳坦博士是世卫组织的首席科学家。她说，世卫组织不知道有证据表明完全接种过疫苗的人群需要接种加强针。她说：“它必须基于科学和证据，而不是基于个别公司宣布它们的疫苗需要接种加强针。”

Israel has one of the world's highest vaccination rates. It has used the Pfizer-BioNTech shots. In early July, it became the first country to give coronavirus boosters to people with weakened immune systems. Israel's Prime Minister Naftali Bennett then announced that the country would offer the booster to all people over 60. He said, "like the flu vaccine that needs to be renewed from time to time, it is the same in this case."

以色列是全球疫苗接种率最高的国家之一。它采用了辉瑞疫苗。7月初，该国成为第一个向免疫系统薄弱人群提供加强针的国家。以色列总理纳夫塔利·贝内特随后宣布，将给该国所有60岁以上人群提供加强针。他说：“就像流感疫苗需要不时补种一样，新冠疫苗也是如此。”

Israel's Ministry⁸ of Health reported that, among fully vaccinated people, vaccine protection against both infection and disease had dropped from above 90 percent in December 2020 to about 40 percent by late June 2021. The publication Nature said the drop could be related to the spread of the highly infectious Delta⁹ variant¹⁰ of the virus.

以色列卫生部报告称，在完全接种过疫苗的人群中，疫苗对感染和患病的保护率已经从2020年12月的90%下降到了2021年6月下旬的40%左右。《自然》杂志表示，这种下降可能跟高传染性的新冠病毒德尔塔变种的传播有关。

In the United States, many parts of the country have seen a large increase of infections caused by the Delta variant. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or CDC, said it represents more than 80 percent of new cases, especially in areas where fewer people are vaccinated. The CDC's investigation¹¹ also showed that, in rare cases, some vaccinated people infected with the Delta variant might "spread the virus to others."

美国许多地区都出现了德尔塔变种引发的感染大量增加。美国疾控与预防中心表示，它占到了新增病例的80%以上，尤其是在接种率较低的地区。美国疾控与预防中心的调查还表明，在极少数情况下，一些接种过疫苗的人士在感染德尔塔变种后可能会将病毒传播给他人。

The health agency recommended vaccinations¹² for all people 12 years and older, including people who are pregnant or might become pregnant in the future.

这家卫生机构建议所有12岁及以上人群接种疫苗，包括怀孕或是备孕人群。

Many people are waiting for a decision on COVID-19 booster shots. But ABC News reported recently that more than 1 million Americans might have already gotten a third shot. That information came from a CDC document looked at by ABC.

许多人都在等着新冠疫苗加强针的决定。但是ABC News最近报道称，超过100万美国人可能已经接种了第三针。该信息来自于ABC看到的一份美国疾控与预防中心的文件。

1 vaccination   

n.接种疫苗，种痘

参考例句：

• Vaccination is a preventive against smallpox.种痘是预防天花的方法。
• Doctors suggest getting a tetanus vaccination every ten years.医生建议每十年注射一次破伤风疫苗。

2 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

3 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

4 maker   

n.制造者，制造商

参考例句：

• He is a trouble maker，You must be distant with him.他是个捣蛋鬼，你不要跟他在一起。
• A cabinet maker must be a master craftsman.家具木工必须是技艺高超的手艺人。

5 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。

6 vaccinated   

[医]已接种的，种痘的，接种过疫菌的

参考例句：

• I was vaccinated against tetanus. 我接种了破伤风疫苗。
• Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child? 你小时候打过天花疫苗吗？

7 fully   

adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地

参考例句：

• The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
• They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。

8 ministry   

n.(政府的)部；牧师

参考例句：

• They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
• We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。

9 delta   

n.（流的）角洲

参考例句：

• He has been to the delta of the Nile.他曾去过尼罗河三角洲。
• The Nile divides at its mouth and forms a delta.尼罗河在河口分岔，形成了一个三角洲。

10 variant   

adj.不同的，变异的；n.变体，异体

参考例句：

• We give professional suggestions according to variant tanning stages for each customer.我们针对每位顾客不同的日晒阶段，提供强度适合的晒黑建议。
• In a variant of this approach,the tests are data- driven.这个方法的一个变种，是数据驱动的测试。

11 investigation   

n.调查，调查研究

参考例句：

• In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
• He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。

12 vaccinations   

n.种痘，接种( vaccination的名词复数 )；牛痘疤

参考例句：

• Vaccinations ensure one against diseases. 接种疫苗可以预防疾病。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• I read some publicity about vaccinations while waiting my turn at the doctor's. 在医生那儿候诊时，我读了一些关于接种疫苗的宣传。 来自《简明英汉词典》