VOA慢速英语2021 石油公司寻求生产可再生燃料

U.S. oil companies Exxon Mobil and Chevron¹ are looking to produce more renewable fuels.

美国石油公司埃克森美孚和雪佛龙正在寻求生产更多可再生燃料。

The two largest U.S. oil companies want to produce sustainable fuels without paying the billions of dollars usually needed to change the operations to make the products.

这两家美国最大的石油公司希望生产可持续燃料，而无需支付改造生产操作通常所需的数十亿美元。

People with knowledge of the efforts told Reuters the two companies are finding ways to make such products at their existing manufacturing centers.

知情人士告诉路透社，这两家公司正寻求在他们现有生产中心生产此类产品的方法。

Renewable fuels account for 5 percent of U.S. fuel use. But that percentage is expected to grow as producers look to cut carbon emissions³ to fight climate change.

可再生燃料占到美国燃料消耗量的5%。但是随着生产商希望减少碳排放以应对气候变化，预计这一比例还会提高。

Both Chevron and Exxon have large refining divisions that add heavily to their carbon emissions. The companies have been criticized for being slower to produce renewable energy than European companies, such as Royal Dutch Shell and TotalEnergies.

雪佛龙和埃克森美孚都拥有大型炼油部门，这极大地增加了它们的碳排放。这些公司因为生产可再生能源的速度赶不上荷兰皇家壳牌以及道达尔能源等欧洲公司而饱受批评。

The American corporations have spent less money than those companies on green technologies.

这些美国公司在绿色科技上的投资要比那些欧洲公司要低。

Exxon and Chevron are looking into how to process feedstocks like vegetable oils and partly processed biofuels with petroleum⁴. That process produces renewable diesel⁵, sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) and renewable gasoline without greatly raising costs. The production of renewable fuels costs more than making regular gasoline without government assistance.

埃克森美孚和雪佛龙正在研究如何处理植物油、部分加工生物燃料和石油等原料。该过程产生可再生柴油、可持续航空燃料和可再生汽油，而不会大幅提高成本。如果没有政府补贴，可再生燃料的生产成本高于普通石油。

The sources told Reuters that Exxon is working to understand its ability to process up to 50 percent of some kinds of bio-feedstocks to produce SAF.

消息人士告诉路透社，埃克森美孚正在努力弄清其加工最高50%的某些生物原料以生产可持续航空燃料的能力。

Chevron is also looking into how to put feedstocks through their fluid catalytic crackers⁶ (FCC). FCCs produce gasoline and are generally the largest part of refining facilities.

雪佛龙也在研究如何将原料通过其流化催化裂化装置。流化催化裂化装置产生汽油，它通常是炼油设施的最大部分。

"Our goal is to co-process bio-feedstocks in the FCC by the end of 2021," a Chevron spokesperson told Reuters. The bio-feedstocks will supply renewable products to people in Southern California.

雪佛龙发言人对路透社表示：“我们的目标是在2021年前，在流化催化裂化装置中协同处理生物原料。 ”这些生物原料将为南加州人民提供可再生产品。

Chevron is working with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the California Air Resources Board (CARB) so that the renewable fuel it produces would count toward emission² credits. Emission credits are financial rewards meant to push companies to emit less pollution.

雪佛龙正与美国环境保护署以及加州空气资源委员会合作，使其生产的可再生燃料计入排放配额。排放配额是旨在推动公司减少污染排放的经济奖励。

The fuel products are still not available for use. But the California Energy Commission says that renewable fuel can reduce carbon dioxide pollution by 61 percent to 83 percent.

这些燃料产品仍然无法投入使用。但是加州能源委员会表示，可再生燃料可以降低61%到83%的二氧化碳污染。

Congress is also considering legislation for tax credits that would push oil producers to make sustainable airplane fuel.

国会还在考虑为税收抵免立法，推动石油生产商生产可持续航空燃料。

The federal government and some states provide financial incentives⁷ to produce renewable fuel. Some oil producers, like Texas-based Valero and Finland-based Neste, have increased production of renewable fuels from waste oils and vegetable oils.

联邦政府和一些州为生产可再生燃料提供财政激励。一些石油生产商，例如总部位于德克萨斯州的瓦莱罗公司以及总部位于芬兰的耐斯特公司，已经提高了从废油和植物油中提取可再生燃料的产量。

Several other U.S. producers are in the process of partly or fully⁸ changing their production plants to make renewable fuels, especially diesel.

其它几家美国生产商正在部分或全部改造其生产工厂，以生产可再生燃料，尤其是柴油。

If approved, new ways of producing renewable fuels at refineries⁹ could let producers avoid environmental permitting processes, which can take a long time. Many of these processes are still going through additional testing.

如果获得批准，在炼油厂生产可再生燃料的新方法可以让生产商避免可能需要耗时许久的环境许可流程。其中许多流程仍在进行额外测试。

1 chevron   

n.V形臂章；V形图案

参考例句：

• He wore shoulderstrap rank slides with sergeant's chevrons.他佩戴标示级别的肩章，上面有中士的V形标志。
• The chevron or arrow road sign indicates a sharp bend to the left or right.V形或箭头路标表示有向左或向右的急转弯。

2 emission   

n.发出物，散发物；发出，散发

参考例句：

• Rigorous measures will be taken to reduce the total pollutant emission.采取严格有力措施，降低污染物排放总量。
• Finally,the way to effectively control particulate emission is pointed out.最后，指出有效降低颗粒排放的方向。

3 emissions   

排放物( emission的名词复数 )； 散发物（尤指气体）

参考例句：

• Most scientists accept that climate change is linked to carbon emissions. 大多数科学家都相信气候变化与排放的含碳气体有关。
• Dangerous emissions radiate from plutonium. 危险的辐射物从钚放散出来。

4 petroleum   

n.原油，石油

参考例句：

• The Government of Iran advanced the price of petroleum last week.上星期伊朗政府提高了石油价格。
• The purpose of oil refinery is to refine crude petroleum.炼油厂的主要工作是提炼原油。

5 diesel   

n.柴油发动机，内燃机

参考例句：

• We experimented with diesel engines to drive the pumps.我们试着用柴油机来带动水泵。
• My tractor operates on diesel oil.我的那台拖拉机用柴油开动。

6 crackers   

adj.精神错乱的，癫狂的n.爆竹( cracker的名词复数 )；薄脆饼干；（认为）十分愉快的事；迷人的姑娘

参考例句：

• That noise is driving me crackers. 那噪声闹得我简直要疯了。
• We served some crackers and cheese as an appetiser. 我们上了些饼干和奶酪作为开胃品。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 incentives   

激励某人做某事的事物( incentive的名词复数 )； 刺激； 诱因； 动机

参考例句：

• tax incentives to encourage savings 鼓励储蓄的税收措施
• Furthermore, subsidies provide incentives only for investments in equipment. 更有甚者，提供津贴仅是为鼓励增添设备的投资。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法

8 fully   

adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地

参考例句：

• The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
• They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。

9 refineries   

精炼厂( refinery的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The efforts on closedown and suspension of small sugar refineries, small saccharin refineries and small paper mills are also being carried out in steps. 关停小糖厂、小糖精厂、小造纸厂的工作也已逐步展开。
• Hence the sitting of refineries is at a distance from population centres. 所以，炼油厂的厂址总在远离人口集中的地方。