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Researchers: Oldest Human Footprints in North America Are in New Mexico

Footprints discovered in New Mexico suggest that early humans were in North America around 23,000 years ago, researchers reported recently.

The fossilized footprints were found in a dry lake in White Sands National Park in 2009. Scientists at the U.S. Geological Survey recently studied seeds stuck in the footprints to estimate their age. Evidence suggested they were from 21,130 to 22,800 years ago.

The findings may help scientists answer a basic question: When did people first arrive in the Americas, after spreading out from Africa and Asia?

Most scientists believe the migration¹ path included land, now underwater, that linked Asia with what is now the state of Alaska.

Past research has suggested that humans arrived in the Americas from 13,000 to 26,000 years ago. Such findings were based on different kinds of evidence — including stone tools, fossil bones and genetic² studies.

The recent study gives a more solid baseline for when humans were in North America.

Fossil footprints are more direct, clearer evidence than "cultural artifacts, modified bones, or other more conventional fossils," the researchers wrote in the publication Science.

"What we present here," they said, "is evidence of a firm time and location."

Location means a place or position.

Based on the size of the footprints, researchers believe that some were made by children who lived during the last ice age.

David Bustos, the park's resource program manager, saw the first footprints in ancient wetlands in 2009. He and others found more in the park over the years.

"We knew they were old, but we had no way to date the prints before we discovered some with (seeds) on top," he said.

Bustos said the researchers had to work quickly and carefully to secure pieces of the footprints for study. The footprints were made of extremely fine earth material and could easily be damaged.

"The only way we can save them is to record them — to take a lot of photos and make 3D models," he said.

Earlier digs in White Sands National Park have uncovered fossilized tracks left by a saber-toothed cat, dire³ wolf, Columbian mammoth⁴ and other ice age animals.

Words in This Story

footprint – n. a track or mark left by a foot or shoe

fossilized – adj. having been changed into a fossil. A fossil is something (such as a leaf, skeleton, or footprint) that is from a plant or animal which lived in ancient times

artifact – n. a simple object (such as a tool or weapon) that was made by people in the past

modify – v. to change some parts of (something) while not changing other parts

conventional – adj. used and accepted by most people : usual or traditional

1 migration   

n.迁移，移居，（鸟类等的）迁徙

参考例句：

• Swallows begin their migration south in autumn.燕子在秋季开始向南方迁移。
• He described the vernal migration of birds in detail.他详细地描述了鸟的春季移居。

2 genetic   

adj.遗传的，遗传学的

参考例句：

• It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
• Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。

3 dire   

adj.可怕的，悲惨的，阴惨的，极端的

参考例句：

• There were dire warnings about the dangers of watching too much TV.曾经有人就看电视太多的危害性提出严重警告。
• We were indeed in dire straits.But we pulled through.那时我们的困难真是大极了，但是我们渡过了困难。

4 mammoth   

n.长毛象；adj.长毛象似的，巨大的

参考例句：

• You can only undertake mammoth changes if the finances are there.资金到位的情况下方可进行重大变革。
• Building the new railroad will be a mammoth job.修建那条新铁路将是一项巨大工程。