VOA新闻杂志2022 乌克兰核电站起火引发担忧

Russian forces captured Europe's largest nuclear power center in southern Ukraine early Friday. The intense gun battle led to a fire that raised concerns about the safety of nuclear reactors² at the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Station.

周五早些时候，俄罗斯军队占领了乌克兰南部欧洲最大的核电站。激烈的枪战引发了一场火灾，引发了人们对扎波罗热核电站核反应堆安全的担忧。

After speaking with Ukrainian officials, the head of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Rafael Mariano Grossi said a Russian "projectile³" hit a training center during the battle causing a fire. And Reuters news agency also confirmed a video showing one building at the nuclear center burning after being hit by several shells.

国际原子能机构负责人拉斐尔·马里亚诺·格罗西在与乌克兰官员交流之后表示，俄罗斯一枚炮弹在战斗中击中了一处训练中心，从而引发火灾。路透社还证实有视频显示，核电站的一栋建筑物在被几枚炮弹击中后起火。

Russian defense⁴ officials, however, blamed "Ukrainian saboteurs" for the attack without providing any evidence. Ukrainian officials said the fire was put out and the safety of the center was not affected⁵ although there was damage to the area.

然而俄罗斯国防官员在没有提供任何证据的情况下，将袭击归咎于乌克兰破坏分子。乌克兰官员表示，大火已经被扑灭，尽管该地区遭到破坏，但是核电站安全并未受到影响。

Grossi said the reactors had suffered no damage but only one of the six reactors was working. He added that the monitoring system for radiation was working normally and that no release of radioactive material had been found. And Ukrainian workers were continuing to operate the plant while Russian forces controlled the area.

格罗西表示，反应堆没有受到任何破坏，但是6座反应堆中，只有一座反应堆正在工作。他还表示，辐射检测系统工作正常，没有发现放射性物质释放。俄罗斯军队控制了该地区，而乌克兰员工在继续运营这座核电站。

Zaporizhzhia nuclear center

扎波罗热核电站

The Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Station is designed differently from the Chernobyl plant, which suffered the world's most severe nuclear disaster in 1986. The area is closed off to the public and radiation levels there are still high. Russian forces seized Chernobyl on the first day of their invasion.

扎波罗热核电站的设计与1986年遭受全球最严重核事故的彻尔诺贝利核电站不同。切尔诺贝利核电站区域对公众关闭，这里的辐射水平仍然很高。俄罗斯军队在入侵第一天就占领了切尔诺贝利核电站。

Although there have been no reports of radiation leaks at Zaporizhzhia, the IAEA has warned that fighting in and around the area presents extreme risks.

尽管没有扎波罗热核电站发生辐射泄漏的报道，但是国际原子能机构警告说，该地区及周边地区的战斗存在着极大风险。

One big concern is that fighting could interrupt the power supply to the nuclear plant. Plant workers would then have to use diesel⁶ fuel generators⁷ for electricity, which are less dependable. A failure of the cooling systems could lead to a meltdown of the reactor¹. That is what happened at Japan's Fukushima nuclear plants after the earthquake and tsunami⁸ of 2011 damaged cooling systems there.

一大担忧是战斗可能会中断核电站的电力供应。然后核电站员工将不得不使用柴油发电机发电，而这样不太可靠。冷却系统故障可能会导致反应堆熔化。这就是2011年地震和海啸破坏日本福岛核电站冷却系统后发生的情况。

Ukraine's president Volodymyr Zelenskyy said the threat to Europe was extremely big and urgent action was necessary.

乌克兰总统泽连斯基表示，这对欧洲的威胁很大，必须采取紧急行动。

"If there is an explosion, that's the end for everyone. The end for Europe," he said in an emotional speech.

他在一次声情并茂的演说中表示：“如果发生爆炸，那就是每个人的末日，是欧洲的末日。”

Jon Wolfsthal was a security advisor⁹ to former U.S. President Barack Obama. He said the reactors have thick containment¹⁰ domes¹¹ that can protect them from fire and even shelling. However, he told the Associated Press "We don't want our nuclear power plants to come under assault, to be on fire."

乔恩·沃尔夫斯塔尔是美国前总统奥巴马的安全顾问。他说，反应堆游厚厚的防护外壳，可以保护它们免受火灾甚至炮击。然而，他告诉美联社，我们不希望我们的核电站受到攻击或是起火。

Nuclear safety in a conflict

冲突中的核安全

Ukraine is highly dependent on nuclear energy. It has 15 reactors at four stations that provide about half the country's electricity. Now, both the Chernobyl area and the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Station are surrounded by Russian troops.

乌克兰高度依赖核能。它有4个核电站共15座核反应堆，提供了该国约一半电力。现在，切尔诺贝利地区以及扎波罗热核电站都被俄军包围。

Park Jong-woon is an engineering professor at Dongguk University in South Korea. He told Reuters there was no immediate¹² threat presented by the seizure¹³ of the plant. But he added that Russia might block the public from studying radiation information from the plant.

朴钟云是韩国忠南大学的工程学教授。他对路透社表示，占领这些电站没有直接威胁。但他补充表示，俄罗斯可能会阻止公众研究这些核电站的辐射信息。

"They can make people wonder...and spread fear," he said. Park helped build nuclear reactors for state-run power operators in South Korea.

他说：“他们会让人们好奇继而传播恐惧。”朴钟云帮助韩国国营电力运营商制造了核反应堆。

Earlier this week, Ukrainian officials appealed to the IAEA that the Russian military was forcing workers at Chernobyl to work long hours and they were extremely tired.

本周早些时候，乌克兰官员向国际原子能机构上诉，俄罗斯军方正强迫切尔诺贝利员工长时间工作，他们非常疲惫。

IAEA chief Grossi then appealed to Russia to let the Chernobyl workers "do their job safely and effectively."

国际原子能机构主席格罗西随后呼吁俄罗斯让切尔诺贝利员工安全有效地完成工作。

James Acton is with the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. He said the simple way to keep nuclear centers safe is to immediately end any military operation around them.

詹姆斯·阿克顿在卡内基国际和平基金会从事核政策项目。他说，维持核电站安全的简单办法就是立即结束围绕它们展开的任何军事行动。

Mitsuru Fukuda is a professor at Nihon University in Tokyo. He said the attack at Zaporizhzhia raises questions for all countries.

福田·满是东京市日本大学的教授。他说，扎波罗热核电站发生的攻击向所有国家提出了一个问题。

He said many people did not expect the incident at the nuclear reactor.

他说，许多人没有预料到核电站发生的事件。

"Now that (Russian President Vladimir) Putin has done it, not only Ukraine but the international community, including Japan, should reevaluate the risk of having nuclear plants as potential wartime targets," he said.

他说：“既然俄罗斯总统普京已经做出了这种事，不仅乌克兰，包括日本在内的国际社会都应该重新评估核电站被作为战时潜在目标的风险。”

1 reactor   

n.反应器；反应堆

参考例句：

• The atomic reactor generates enormous amounts of thermal energy.原子反应堆发出大量的热能。
• Inside the reactor the large molecules are cracked into smaller molecules.在反应堆里，大分子裂变为小分子。

2 reactors   

起反应的人( reactor的名词复数 )； 反应装置； 原子炉； 核反应堆

参考例句：

• The TMI nuclear facility has two reactors. 三哩岛核设施有两个反应堆。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
• The earliest production reactors necessarily used normal uranium as fuel. 最早为生产用的反应堆，必须使用普通铀作为燃料。

3 projectile   

n.投射物，发射体；adj.向前开进的；推进的；抛掷的

参考例句：

• The vertical and horizontal motions of a projectile can be treated independently.抛射体的竖直方向和水平方向的运动能够分开来处理。
• Have you altered the plans of the projectile as the telegram suggests?你已经按照电报的要求修改炮弹图样了吗?

4 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。

5 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

6 diesel   

n.柴油发动机，内燃机

参考例句：

• We experimented with diesel engines to drive the pumps.我们试着用柴油机来带动水泵。
• My tractor operates on diesel oil.我的那台拖拉机用柴油开动。

7 generators   

n.发电机，发生器( generator的名词复数 )；电力公司

参考例句：

• The factory's emergency generators were used during the power cut. 工厂应急发电机在停电期间用上了。
• Power can be fed from wind generators into the electricity grid system. 电力可以从风力发电机流入输电网。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 tsunami   

n.海啸

参考例句：

• Powerful quake sparks tsunami warning in Japan.大地震触发了日本的海啸预警。
• Coastlines all around the Indian Ocean inundated by a huge tsunami.大海啸把印度洋沿岸地区都淹没了。

9 advisor   

n.顾问，指导老师，劝告者

参考例句：

• They employed me as an advisor.他们聘请我当顾问。
• The professor is engaged as a technical advisor.这位教授被聘请为技术顾问。

10 containment   

n.阻止，遏制；容量

参考例句：

• Your list might include such things as cost containment,quality,or customer satisfaction.你的清单上应列有诸如成本控制、产品质量、客户满意程度等内容。
• Insularity and self-containment,it is argued,go hand in hand.他们争论说，心胸狭窄和自我封闭是并存的。

11 domes   

n.圆屋顶( dome的名词复数 )；像圆屋顶一样的东西；圆顶体育场

参考例句：

• The domes are circular or ovoid in cross-section. 穹丘的横断面为圆形或卵圆形。 来自辞典例句
• Parks. The facilities highlighted in text include sport complexes and fabric domes. 本书重点讲的设施包括运动场所和顶棚式结构。 来自互联网

12 immediate   

adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的

参考例句：

• His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
• We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。

13 seizure   

n.没收；占有；抵押

参考例句：

• The seizure of contraband is made by customs.那些走私品是被海关没收的。
• The courts ordered the seizure of all her property.法院下令查封她所有的财产。