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VOA新闻杂志2022--研究称南亚气候变化让热浪发生的可能性增加了30倍

时间:2022-05-30 01:48来源:互联网 提供网友:nan   字体: [ ]
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Report: South Asia’s Heat Waves 30 Times Likelier with Climate Change

International scientists report that the disastrous1 severe heat wave in India and Pakistan recently was made more likely by climate change.

They also say that such weather is likely to become more common.

World Weather Attribution2 is a group of weather scientists from Britain, France, India, the Netherlands, Switzerland, the United States, and the Red Cross. It released3 its report May 23.

The report says heat waves that affect a large area of Earth are rare --- happening once every 100 years. But it said climate change now makes big heat waves 30 times more likely.

The scientists said if the atmosphere's average temperature increases to 2 degrees Celsius4 more than pre-industrial levels, big heat waves could happen twice every hundred years or more, says Arpita Mondal, a climate researcher at the Indian Institute of Technology in Mumbai. She suggests heat waves as often as every five years are possible.

"This is a sign of things to come," the scientist said.

Conservative5 results

The results are conservative in comparison6 to others. Last week, Britain's Meteorological Office said the heat wave was probably made 100 times more likely by climate change.

Friederike Otto of the Imperial7 College of London also worked on the World Weather Attribution report.

"The real result is probably somewhere between ours and the (U.K.) Met Office result for how much climate change increased this event," the climate scientist said.

The heat wave has been very damaging. Indian cities and Pakistan reported temperatures above 45 degrees Celsius in the past weeks. Pakistan reported temperatures over 50 degrees Celsius in some places like Jacobabad and Dadu. Parts of India's capital New Delhi reported temperatures of 49 degrees this month.

India recorded the hottest March in the country since 1901, when such record-keeping began. April was the warmest on record in Pakistan and parts of India.

The effects have been widespread. A glacier8 burst in Pakistan, causing floods. The heat also damaged wheat crops in India. The problem forced the government to stop exports to nations facing food shortages9 linked to Russia's war in Ukraine. The heat wave also resulted in earlier than usual demand for electricity. The coal supply shrank10 leading to power shortages affecting millions of people.

‘What can we do?'

The effects on human health were also damaging. At least 90 people have died in the two countries. Scientists suggest the number is higher because deaths are not always officially recorded.

The Associated Press (AP) studied information from Columbia University's climate school. It found that South Asia is the most affected11 by heat stress. India is home to more than one third of the world's population that lives where temperatures are increasing.

Children and old people are most at risk from heat stress. Heat is also harder on the poor who do not have cooling systems, like air conditioners. Many poor people live in crowded, dirty neighborhoods in large cities.

Rahman Ali is a 42-year-old ragpicker in New Delhi. Ragpickers remove trash from people's homes and search through it for anything of value to sell. The job is very hard on his body and earns Ali less than three dollars a day.

"What can we do? If I don't work...we won't eat," said the father of two.

Some Indian cities have tried to find answers. The western city of Ahmedabad was the first in South Asia to design a heat wave plan for its population of over 8.4 million in 2013. The plan includes an early warning system that tells health workers and residents13 to prepare for heat waves. It permits administrations14 to keep parks open so that people can keep out of the sun. And it provides information to schools so they change class hours.

Dr. Dileep Mavalankar heads the Indian Institute of Public Health in the western Indian city of Gandhinagar. He helped design the 2013 plan. He said the city has also been experimenting with materials that may help cool the tops of houses. The aim is to build roofs that do not hold the sun's heat. Some people use white paint or low-cost materials like dried grass to protect their homes from the heat.

Most Indian cities are less prepared. India's federal15 government is now working with 130 cities in 23 states to develop similar plans.

Earlier this month, the federal government also asked states to train health workers in treating heat-related illnesses. It also asked that ice, chemical treatments, and cooling devices16 be available in hospitals.

Public health expert Mavalankar was not part of the group study. But he pointed17 to a lack of official warnings about extreme heat in most Indian cities. He said the local governments have just not, in his words, "woken up to the heat."

Words in This Story

glacier –n. a large area of ice that moves slowly down a valley

stress –n. a state of tension18 caused by worry or difficult conditions

resident12 –n. a person who lives in a particular place


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 disastrous 2ujx0     
adj.灾难性的,造成灾害的;极坏的,很糟的
参考例句:
  • The heavy rainstorm caused a disastrous flood.暴雨成灾。
  • Her investment had disastrous consequences.She lost everything she owned.她的投资结果很惨,血本无归。
2 attribution 7OxyH     
n.属于
参考例句:
  • Attribution of her success solely to wealth is not fair. 认为她的成功完全是因为有财富是不公平的。
  • Attribution theory is concerned with the study of perceived causation. 归因理论是对认识到的因果关系的研究。
3 released 23690fd759f17135ec9879b56ff2600c     
v.释放( release的过去式和过去分词 );放开;发布;发行
参考例句:
  • He was released on bail pending committal proceedings. 他交保获释正在候审。
  • With hindsight it is easy to say they should not have released him. 事后才说他们本不应该释放他,这倒容易。
4 Celsius AXRzl     
adj.摄氏温度计的,摄氏的
参考例句:
  • The temperature tonight will fall to seven degrees Celsius.今晚气温将下降到七摄氏度。
  • The maximum temperature in July may be 36 degrees Celsius.七月份最高温度可能达到36摄氏度。
5 conservative jprzC     
adj.保守的,守旧的;n.保守的人,保守派
参考例句:
  • He is a conservative member of the church.他是一个守旧教会教友。
  • The young man is very conservative.这个年轻人很守旧。
6 comparison TqEzY     
n.比较,对照;比拟,比喻
参考例句:
  • They make a comparison of New York to a beehive.他们把纽约比作一个蜂巢。
  • This dress is really cheaper by comparison.比较起来,这件衣服确实便宜。
7 imperial McuzD     
adj.帝王的,至尊的;n.特等品
参考例句:
  • They made an objection to the imperial system with resolution.他们坚决反对帝制。
  • The Prince Imperial passed away last night.皇太子昨晚去世了。
8 glacier YeQzw     
n.冰川,冰河
参考例句:
  • The glacier calved a large iceberg.冰河崩解而形成一个大冰山。
  • The upper surface of glacier is riven by crevasses.冰川的上表面已裂成冰隙。
9 shortages f09a7486187a5c082c18856f7aa1adb5     
n.不足( shortage的名词复数 );缺少;缺少量;不足额
参考例句:
  • Food shortages often occur in time of war. 在战争期间常常发生粮食短缺的情形。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • At the same time, worldwide food and fuel shortages eased. 同时,世界性粮食和石油短缺的现象终止了。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件
10 shrank b7c1e27c643b5bf82f8568366e75ef54     
动词shrink的过去式
参考例句:
  • My sweater shrank in the wash. 我的毛衣缩水了。
  • The blackman shrank from any direct participation in politics. 这位黑人回避直接插足政治。
11 affected TzUzg0     
adj.不自然的,假装的
参考例句:
  • She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
  • His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。
12 resident 8Wixl     
a.居住的,居留的;住校的,住院的
参考例句:
  • I've been resident in this place for five years. 我已经在这个地方住了五年。
  • They engaged a resident tutor. 他们聘用了一名住家的家庭教师。
13 residents 430773153341c662da6867d207e96ae2     
n.居民( resident的名词复数 );(旅馆的)住宿者
参考例句:
  • Plans to build a new mall were deep-sixed after protests from local residents. 修建新室内购物中心的计划由于当地居民反对而搁浅。
  • Local residents have reacted angrily to the news. 当地居民对这一消息表示愤怒。
14 administrations 2bf4a122a0bfc0ea711b24fc02a0c5fe     
n.管理( administration的名词复数 );实行;(政府)行政机关;(法律、处罚等的)施行
参考例句:
  • Socialist administrations by 1912 governed Milwaukee, Schenectady, and Berkeley, California. 到1912年,社会党的政府统治着加利福尼亚的伯克利、密尔沃基和斯克内克塔迪。 来自辞典例句
  • For generations successive administrations had synchronized their moves with London. 几十年,美国历届政府与伦敦的行动步调都是一致的。 来自辞典例句
15 federal RkSxm     
adj.联盟的;联邦的;(美国)联邦政府的
参考例句:
  • Switzerland is a federal republic.瑞士是一个联邦共和国。
  • The schools are screaming for federal aid.那些学校强烈要求联邦政府的援助。
16 devices e0212e54ec3a2a120ca0d321b3a60c78     
n.设备;装置( device的名词复数 );花招;(为实现某种目的的)计划;手段
参考例句:
  • electrical labour-saving devices around the home 节省劳力的各种家用电器
  • modern labour-saving devices such as washing machines and dishwashers 诸如洗衣机和洗碗机之类的现代化省力设备
17 pointed Il8zB4     
adj.尖的,直截了当的
参考例句:
  • He gave me a very sharp pointed pencil.他给我一支削得非常尖的铅笔。
  • She wished to show Mrs.John Dashwood by this pointed invitation to her brother.她想通过对达茨伍德夫人提出直截了当的邀请向她的哥哥表示出来。
18 tension zpUw6     
n.(紧张)状态;拉(绷)紧;张力,拉力
参考例句:
  • I could feel the tension in the room. 我可以感觉到房间里的紧张气氛。
  • Relaxaion is better than tension. 缓和比紧张好。
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