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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
Abortion1 Fights Move to US States
Following the U.S. Supreme2 Court's decision last week to overturn Roe3 v. Wade4, the battle for abortion rights has now moved to state courts and legislatures around the country.
Thirteen American states, mainly in the South and Midwest, had laws ready that would ban abortion once Roe v. Wade was overturned.
Abortion is a medical operation that ends a pregnancy5.
The Guttmacher Institute is an organization that supports abortion rights. It says 26 American states are likely to ban abortion now that Roe has been overturned. Opponents of abortion rights are now seeking to ban abortion across all 50 states.
Abortion-rights supporters are trying to block or delay such measures in state courts. Many cases center on so-called "trigger laws." These are laws that ban abortion but only become enforceable after the overturn of Roe. Other legal actions target old anti-abortion state laws that were unenforced under Roe, known as "zombie laws."
Nancy Northup is head of the Center for Reproductive Rights. She said last Friday, "We'll be back in court tomorrow and the next day and the next day" to argue these cases.
Brigitte Amiri of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) said the organization is looking at "all options" to protect access to abortion.
Questions on "trigger laws"
As of Saturday, abortion services had stopped in at least 11 American states — either because of state laws or questions about them.
In Louisiana, the state's Republican attorney general wrote Friday on Twitter that the state's "trigger law" was in effect immediately. And the three health centers providing abortions6 in the state closed that day.
On Monday, abortion rights supporters took legal action hoping to delay the ban in Louisiana. They argued that state laws are unclear on when a ban can take effect and what is considered an exception to the law. Hours later, a judge in New Orleans temporarily blocked enforcement of the state's trigger law. At least one of the state's abortion clinics said it would restart performing abortions on Tuesday.
In Utah, the state's Planned Parenthood group has challenged a trigger law with narrow exceptions in the state.
Laura Herner is a professor at Mitchell Hamline School of Law in St. Paul, Minnesota. She told The Associated Press that other challenges might argue whether state laws fully7 and clearly protect the life or health of a pregnant woman.
Although the high court ruled that the U.S. Constitution does not guarantee the right to an abortion, abortion rights supporters argue that some state constitutions protect the right.
In Florida, abortion rights supporters asked a judge to block a new state law that bans abortions after 15 weeks, with few exceptions. The law is set to take effect this week.
The ACLU of Florida has argued that it violates the Florida Constitution.
In another legal action, a Jewish group said the Florida law conflicts with the separation of church and state.
And the ACLU of Arizona and an abortion-rights group are seeking to block a 2021 state law they worry can be used to halt all abortions.
What about zombie laws?
Abortion rights supporters are also looking into bans under "zombie laws" now that there is no federal protection for abortion.
For example, the state of Wisconsin passed a law in 1849 banning abortions except to save the life of the mother. Attorney General Josh Kaul, a Democrat8, said he does not believe the law is enforceable. But abortion opponents have called on state lawmakers to establish a new ban.
In Wisconsin, Planned Parenthood said the state immediately suspended all abortions, even though law enforcement officials suggested that they would not enforce the ban.
In Michigan, Planned Parenthood challenged a 1931 abortion ban ahead of last week's Supreme Court ruling. In May, a judge said the ban could not be enforced because it violates the state's constitution. Abortion rights supporters are now trying to get a proposed state constitutional amendment9 on the ballot10 in November to protect abortion and birth control.
Idaho, Oklahoma and Texas have passed laws that permit people to seek bounties11 against those who help others get abortions. A bounty12 is an amount of money given to someone as a reward for catching13 a criminal.
These laws have raised questions over whether people can be followed across state lines under the law. Legal challenges are also likely to come up in cases of abortion medicine sent to patients.
The California Legislature, controlled by Democrats14, passed a bill Thursday to protect abortion providers and volunteers in the state from civil judgments15 put in place by other states.
And in Massachusetts, Republican Governor Charlie Baker16 signed an executive order Friday barring state agencies from helping17 other states' investigations18 into anyone who receives a legal abortion in Massachusetts.
Words in This Story
option - n. a choice or possibility
access - n. a way of getting at, near or to something
challenge - v. to question the action or authority
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abortion
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| n.流产，堕胎 | |
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supreme
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| adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的 | |
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roe
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| n.鱼卵；獐鹿 | |
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wade
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| v.跋涉，涉水；n.跋涉 | |
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pregnancy
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| n.怀孕，怀孕期 | |
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abortions
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| n.小产( abortion的名词复数 )；小产胎儿；（计划）等中止或夭折；败育 | |
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fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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democrat
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| n.民主主义者，民主人士；民主党党员 | |
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amendment
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| n.改正，修正，改善，修正案 | |
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ballot
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| n.（不记名）投票，投票总数，投票权；vi.投票 | |
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bounties
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| （由政府提供的）奖金( bounty的名词复数 )； 赏金； 慷慨； 大方 | |
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bounty
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| n.慷慨的赠予物，奖金；慷慨，大方；施与 | |
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catching
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| adj.易传染的，有魅力的，迷人的，接住 | |
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democrats
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| n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 ) | |
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judgments
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| 判断( judgment的名词复数 )； 鉴定； 评价； 审判 | |
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baker
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| n.面包师 | |
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helping
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| n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的 | |
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investigations
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| （正式的）调查( investigation的名词复数 )； 侦查； 科学研究； 学术研究 | |
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