VOA新闻杂志2022 芯片短缺已转为过剩

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The coronavirus pandemic left makers¹ of personal computers, smartphones, and cars without the computer chips needed to make their products.

新冠病毒大流行使得个人电脑、智能手机、汽车制造商缺乏制造产品所需的计算机芯片。

That suddenly changed during a period of three weeks from late May to June. High inflation, China's latest COVID restrictions² and the war in Ukraine have reduced consumer spending -- especially on computers and smartphones.

从5月下旬到6月的三周时间里，这种情况突然发生了变化。高通胀、中国最近的新冠疫情以及乌克兰战争减少了消费者支出，尤其是在电脑和智能手机上。

Chip shortages turned into a surplus in some industries. By late June, memory chip company Micron Technology Inc. said it would reduce production. The sudden change in the market caught Micron by surprise, said Chief Business Officer Sumit Sadana.

在某些行业，芯片的短缺变成了过剩。到6月底，存储芯片公司美光科技表示将会减产。首席商务官Sumit Sadana表示，市场的突然变化让美光感到意外。

Worries about an industry recession have severely³ affected⁴ computer chip stocks. The Philadelphia Semiconductor⁵ index has fallen 35 percent so far in 2022. That is far more than the S&P 500's 19 percent loss.

对行业衰退的担忧严重影响了计算机芯片库存。2022年迄今为止，费城半导体指数已经下跌了35%。这远远超过了标准普尔500指数19%的跌幅。

Hoarding⁶ is making the situation worse. Hoarding is the practice of collecting or storing a large amount of something. Many manufacturers stored a large number of computer chips during the pandemic.

囤积使情况变得更糟。囤积是指收集和储存大量物品的做法。许多制造商在大流行期间储存了大量的计算机芯片。

Before that, those manufacturers ordered parts as close to production time as possible to avoid having extra supplies and to reduce storage space and spending.

在此之前，这些制造商订购零件尽可能接近生产时间，以避免额外供应并减少储存空间和支出。

Experts say the computer chip surplus has hit unevenly⁷ across business areas. Big suppliers of chips to electronics makers will be hit hardest by the decline, said semiconductor expert Tristan Gerra.

专家表示，计算机芯片过剩对各个业务领域的影响并不均衡。半导体专家特里斯坦·杰拉表示，电子制造商的大型芯片供应商将受到衰退的最大打击。

Computer chip design company Nvidia Corp could be hit especially hard as prices continue to fall, Gerra added. Nvidia produces graphic⁸ chips used for gaming and the digital money known as cryptocurrency.

杰拉还说，随着价格继续下跌计算机芯片设计公司英伟达可能受到的打击尤为严重。英伟达生产用于游戏和数字货币的图形芯片。

Among those least affected by a surplus are Apple Inc's suppliers like Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co, said computer chip expert Matt Bryson. Demand remains⁹ high for Apple devices.

计算机芯片专家马特·布莱森表示，受芯片过剩影响最小的是台积电等苹果公司供应商。苹果设备的需求仍然很旺盛。

Industry executives and experts cannot say how many surplus chips are in storerooms around the world. But industry expert Mark Lipacis said supply numbers for the first three months of 2022 hit a record high at major electronics manufacturing services companies. The earlier record was over 20 years ago.

行业高管和专家无法说出全球仓库中有多少过剩芯片。但行业专家马克·里帕西斯表示，主要电子制造服务公司2022年前三个月的储备量创下历史新高。更早的记录是在20多年前。

Manufacturers may decide to use up chips in storerooms instead of buying new ones, and cancel orders, Lipacis warned.

里帕西斯警告说，制造商可能会决定用完仓库的芯片，而不是购买新的芯片，并取消订单。

Some experts said automobile¹⁰ chipmakers are safe for now. But that may not last long.

一些专家表示，汽车芯片制造商目前是安全的。但这可能不会持续很长时间。

Industry expert Stacy Rasgon told Reuters that automakers were ordering far more chips than they appeared to need.

行业专家斯泰西·拉斯根对路透社表示，汽车制造商订购的芯片数量远远超过了他们的需求。

That will create a problem when vehicle makers stop buying chips to use up their current supplies.

当汽车制造商停止购买芯片以耗尽他们的现有储备时，就会产生问题。

1 makers   

n.制造者，制造商（maker的复数形式）

参考例句：

• The makers of the product assured us that there had been no sacrifice of quality. 这一产品的制造商向我们保证说他们没有牺牲质量。
• The makers are about to launch out a new product. 制造商们马上要生产一种新产品。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

3 severely   

adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地

参考例句：

• He was severely criticized and removed from his post.他受到了严厉的批评并且被撤了职。
• He is severely put down for his careless work.他因工作上的粗心大意而受到了严厉的批评。

4 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

5 semiconductor   

n.半导体

参考例句：

• In the beginning,engineers hoped to use semiconductor lasers.在开始时，工程师们希望能够利用半导体激光器。
• The main agent of the company brand semiconductor sales.本公司主要代理各品牌半导体销售。

6 hoarding   

n.贮藏；积蓄；临时围墙；囤积v.积蓄并储藏（某物）( hoard的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• After the war, they were shot for hoarding. 战后他们因囤积而被枪决。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Actually he had two unused ones which he was hoarding up. 其实他还藏了两片没有用呢。 来自英汉文学

7 unevenly   

adv.不均匀的

参考例句：

• Fuel resources are very unevenly distributed. 燃料资源分布很不均匀。
• The cloth is dyed unevenly. 布染花了。

8 graphic   

adj.生动的，形象的，绘画的，文字的，图表的

参考例句：

• The book gave a graphic description of the war.这本书生动地描述了战争的情况。
• Distinguish important text items in lists with graphic icons.用图标来区分重要的文本项。

9 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

10 automobile   

n.汽车，机动车

参考例句：

• He is repairing the brake lever of an automobile.他正在修理汽车的刹车杆。
• The automobile slowed down to go around the curves in the road.汽车在路上转弯时放慢了速度。