VOA科学技术2023 2022年是有记录以来最温暖的一年

2022 Was One of Warmest on Record

2022年是有记录以来最温暖的一年

Government science groups say that 2022 did not quite set a record for heat. But it was in the top five or six warmest years on record. The exact placement depends on who was doing the measuring.

政府科学团体表示，2022年并没有完全创下高温纪录。但这是有记录以来最热的五、六年。准确的位置取决于谁在测量。

The U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric¹ Administration (NOAA) measured 2022's worldwide average temperature as 14.76 degrees Celsius². That ranks as the sixth-hottest year on record. Four other scientific agencies or science groups around the world put the year as either fifth or sixth hottest.

美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）测量2022年全球平均气温为14.76摄氏度。这是有记录以来第六热的一年。世界上其他四个科学机构或科学团体将今年列为第五或第六热。

NOAA and NASA records go back to 1880.

NOAA和NASA的记录可以追溯到1880年。

Bill Nelson is the NASA Administrator³. He said the worldwide temperature is alarming. "What we're seeing is our warming climate, it's warning all of us... Extreme weather patterns threaten our well-being⁴ across this planet."

比尔·纳尔逊是美国宇航局局长。他说，全球气温令人担忧。“我们看到的是我们的气候变暖，它警告我们所有人……极端的天气模式威胁着我们在这个星球上的福祉。”

Berkeley Earth is a nonprofit group of independent scientists. It said 2022 was the fifth-warmest year on record around the world. It noted⁵ that for 28 countries it was the hottest year on record.

伯克利地球是一个由独立科学家组成的非营利组织。报告称，2022年是全球有记录以来第五温暖的一年。它指出，对于28个国家来说，这是有记录以来最热的一年。

Since 2015, each year has been more than 1 degree Celsius warmer than pre-industrial times, NOAA and NASA said. Last year was 1.1 degrees Celsius warmer than the middle of the 19th century, NASA said.

NOAA和NASA表示，自2015年以来，每年都比工业化前高出1摄氏度以上。美国国家航空航天局表示，去年的气温比19世纪中叶高1.1摄氏度。

The possibility of Earth warming beyond the 1.5 degree Celsius limit that world leaders set in 2015 is increasing with every year, said the World Meteorological Organization. Russ Vose from NOAA said there is a 50 percent chance of hitting 1.5 degrees Celsius temporarily in the 2020s.

世界气象组织表示，全球变暖超过2015年世界领导人设定的1.5摄氏度上限的可能性每年都在增加。美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）的拉斯·沃斯（Russ Vose）表示，2020年代有50%的可能性暂时达到1.5摄氏度。

La Nina, a natural process that changes weather worldwide, is in its third straight year. It is an event that reduces temperatures around the world. Gavin Schmidt is director of the NASA Goddard Institute of Space Studies. Schmidt found that last year La Nina cooled the overall temperature by about .06 degrees Celsius and that last year was the hottest La Nina year on record.

拉尼娜是一种改变全球天气的自然过程，已连续第三年出现。这是一项降低全球气温的活动。加文·施密特是NASA戈达德太空研究所所长。施密特发现，去年拉尼娜现象使整体气温降低了约0.6摄氏度，去年是有记录以来最热的拉尼娜年。

Kathie Dello is the North Carolina state climatologist. She said that historically, La Nina would reduce worldwide temperatures. "Now, heat-trapping gases are keeping the temperature cranked up and handing us another top-10 warmest year on record."

Kathie Dello是北卡罗来纳州气候学家。她表示，从历史上看，拉尼娜会降低全球气温。“现在，吸热气体使气温持续升高，使我们又迎来了有记录以来最热的十年。”

La Nina is likely weakening. But there is a possible El Nino on the way, which warms overall temperatures. Schmidt said this year will likely be warmer than 2022. And next year, he said, an El Nino "would suggest that 2024 would be the record warmest year by quite a large amount."

拉尼娜现象可能正在减弱。但可能会有厄尔尼诺现象，这会使整体气温升高。施密特表示，今年可能会比2022年更暖和。他说，明年，厄尔尼诺“将意味着2024年将是创纪录的最温暖的一年”

Scientists say about 90 percent of the heat trapped by greenhouse gases goes into the upper 2,000 meters of the ocean. Data released Wednesday show that 2022 was another record year for ocean heat.

科学家们表示，温室气体捕获的热量中，约有90%进入了海洋的2000米深处。周三公布的数据显示，2022年是另一个创纪录的海洋热年份。

John Abraham of the University of St. Thomas wrote a study on ocean temperatures. He said, "There's a real good connection between the patterns of ocean warming, the stratification, and then the weather that we experience in our daily lives on land," including stronger storms and rising seas.

圣托马斯大学的约翰·亚伯拉罕写了一篇关于海洋温度的研究。他说，“海洋变暖的模式、分层以及我们在陆地上日常生活中所经历的天气之间有着非常好的联系，”包括更强的风暴和不断上升的海平面。

In the United States, global warming first received attention in 1988. That year would go on to be the record warmest at the time. Now, 1988 is the 28th hottest year on record.

在美国，全球变暖在1988年首次受到关注。那一年将继续成为当时最热的一年。现在，1988年是有记录以来最热的第28年。

The last year that the Earth was cooler than the 20th century average was 1976, NOAA says.

美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）表示，地球比20世纪平均温度低的最后一年是1976年。

Words in This Story

alarm — v. to cause to feel a sense of danger

警报--使感到危险

crank up — v. to increase something especially by a large amount

开大，调高（音量）--增加某物，尤指大量增加

stratified — adj. arranged or formed in layers

分层的--分层排列或形成的

greenhouse gas — n. gas that cause the warming of the earth's atmosphere

温室气体--导致地球大气层变暖的气体

1 atmospheric   

adj.大气的，空气的；大气层的；大气所引起的

参考例句：

• Sea surface temperatures and atmospheric circulation are strongly coupled.海洋表面温度与大气环流是密切相关的。
• Clouds return radiant energy to the surface primarily via the atmospheric window.云主要通过大气窗区向地表辐射能量。

2 Celsius   

adj.摄氏温度计的，摄氏的

参考例句：

• The temperature tonight will fall to seven degrees Celsius.今晚气温将下降到七摄氏度。
• The maximum temperature in July may be 36 degrees Celsius.七月份最高温度可能达到36摄氏度。

3 administrator   

n.经营管理者，行政官员

参考例句：

• The role of administrator absorbed much of Ben's energy.行政职务耗掉本很多精力。
• He has proved himself capable as administrator.他表现出管理才能。

4 well-being   

n.安康，安乐，幸福

参考例句：

• He always has the well-being of the masses at heart.他总是把群众的疾苦挂在心上。
• My concern for their well-being was misunderstood as interference.我关心他们的幸福，却被误解为多管闲事。

5 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。