VOA名师答疑2023 within和with的用法

Hello! This week on Ask a Teacher, we will answer a question from Mod, a reader of our website.

大家好! 本周《名师答疑》，我们回答网站读者莫德的一个问题。

Could you please explain to me the difference between “with” and “within?”

你能给我解释一下with和within之间的区别吗？

Thank you, Mod.

谢谢，莫德。

Dear Mod, thanks for asking this question!

亲爱的莫德，谢谢你的提问！

“With” and “within” are both prepositions².

with和within都是介词。

Prepositions describe a relationship to an area, place or time between two nouns³.

介词描述两个名词之间的范围、地点或时间关系。

Let us start with “with!”

首先看with！

“With” has several different uses.

with有几种不同的用法。

And depending on what the situation is, the meaning can change a bit.

根据不同情况，意思可能会略有不同。

The first use of “with” means⁴ together.

with的第一个用法是指在一起。

I went to the café with my friends.

我和朋友去了咖啡馆。

In this sentence, I did not go to the café alone.

在这句话里，我不是一个人去的咖啡馆。

My friends and I went together.

我和朋友一起去了。

A second use of “with” describes a close relationship between two nouns, and it means “along,” “nearby” or “among.”

with的第二种用法描述两个名词之间的密切关系，意思是“沿着”“附近”或“在中间”。

Does that hat go with this shirt?

那顶帽子配这件衬衫吗？

In this question, the person is asking if the hat and shirt go along together or match.

在这个问句中，这个人问的是帽子和衬衫能不能放一起搭配。

And a final use of “with,” means being in opposition⁵ or against something.

with的最后一个用法是指处于对立状态或反对某事。

She had a fight with her sister.

她和她姐姐打了一架。

We can see in this sentence that sisters are having a fight or argument.

从这句话中可以看出，姐妹们在打架或吵架。

They are against each other.

他们彼此对立。

And now for “within.”

现在看看within。

“Within” is also a preposition¹ and is a combination⁶ of “with” and “in.”

within也是介词，是with和in的组合。

There are two uses of “within.”

within有两种用法。

The first use means a period of time.

第一种用法指一段时间。

For example, we can say: The winner of the contest should answer within 2 days.

例如，我们可以说：比赛获胜者要在两天内做出回复。

This sentence means that the winner has 2 days to answer back and no more than 2 days.

这句话的意思是获胜者有2天的时间回复，但不超过2天。

The last meaning of “within” describes a relationship between two nouns in an area, space, or limit.

within的最后一个意思是描述两个名词在一个区域、空间或范围内的关系。

It can mean “inside of.”

它的意思是“在里面”。

There are many organs within the body.

人体内有许多器官。

This sentence means that inside the body, there are a lot of organs.

这句话的意思是，在身体内部有很多器官。

The store is within walking distance of my apartment.

这家商店在我住的公寓的步行范围之内。

This sentence means that the store is close or nearby to my apartment, so I can walk to it.

这句话的意思是商店离我的公寓很近，可以步行去。

Please let us know if these examples have helped you.

请让我们知道这些例句是否对你有帮助。

And that’s Ask a Teacher. I’m Faith Pirlo.

以上就是本期《名师答疑》，我是费思·皮尔洛。

1 preposition   

n.介词

参考例句：

• You should cancel this preposition in the sentence.你应该删去句子中的这个介词。
• We use different preposition to talk about time,days,months and seasons.我们用不动的介词来谈论时间，日，月和季节等。

2 prepositions   

n.介词( preposition的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• She lays a lot of emphasis on the usage of prepositions. 她把重点放在介词的使用上。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Prepositions and conjunctions are particles. 介词和连词是小品词。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 nouns   

n.名词；名词( noun的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• French differs from English in having gender for all nouns. 法语不同于英语，所有的名词都有性。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Nouns join to form compounds. 名词和名词结合构成复合词。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 means   

n.方法，手段，折中点，物质财富

参考例句：

• That man used artful means to find out secrets.那人使用狡猾的手段获取机密。
• We must get it done by some means or other.我们总得想办法把它干完。

5 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

6 combination   

n.组合，合并，联合；

参考例句：

• He carried on the business in combination with his friends.他与朋友们合伙做生意。
• The materials can be used singly or in combination.这些材料可以单独使用也可以混合用。