VOA健康报道2024--New Way to Fight Brain Cancer Shows Promise

New Way to Fight Brain Cancer Shows Promise

　　A new way to fight an extremely aggressive kind of brain tumor¹ is showing promise in two experiments with a small number of patients.

　　For the experiments, scientists took patients' own immune cells and turned them into "living drugs" that can find and attack the tumor, called glioblastoma. Researchers have reported that, in early tests, the immune cells have made the tumors temporarily smaller.

　　The treatment is called CAR-T therapy. Doctors already use the treatment to fight blood-related cancers like leukemia. But researchers have struggled to make CAR-T therapy work for solid tumors.

　　Now, separate teams at both Massachusetts General Hospital and the University of Pennsylvania are developing next-generation CAR-T therapy treatments. They are designed to get past some of glioblastoma's defenses.

　　University of Pennsylvania's Dr. Stephen Bagley led one of the studies. He warned, "It's very early days." But he added, "We're optimistic that we've got something to build on here..."

　　Glioblastoma is the brain cancer that killed U.S. President Joe Biden's son Beau Biden. It also took the life of longtime Arizona Senator John McCain.

　　Glioblastoma is fast-growing and hard to treat. Patients usually live 12 to 18 months after diagnosis². Even after many years of research, there are few options if the cancer returns after treatments.

　　A kind of cell in the immune system called T cells fight disease, but cancer has ways to hide. With CAR-T therapy, doctors genetically⁴ change a patient's own T cells so they can better find different cancer cells.

　　But solid tumors like glioblastoma have an additional difficulty. They contain mixtures of cancer cells with different mutations. Targeting just one kind still means the other kinds can keep growing.

　　The teams at Massachusetts General Hospital and University of Pennsylvania each developed a therapy with two different methods. They tried them in patients whose tumors returned after usual treatment.

　　At Massachusetts General Hospital, Dr. Marcela Maus and her team combined CAR-T with T-cell engaging antibody molecules⁶. T-cell engaging antibody molecules are molecules that can attract nearby, regular T cells to join in the cancer attack. The result, called CAR-TEAM, targets a protein called EGFR. EGFR is found in most glioblastomas but not in normal brain tissue.

　　The University of Pennsylvania's method was to create a two-target CAR-T therapy. It hunts for both the EGFR protein plus a second protein found in many glioblastomas.

　　Both teams administered the treatment through a medical device called a catheter into the fluid that surrounds the brain.

　　Massachusetts General Hospital tested three patients with its CAR-TEAM therapy. Brain imagining a day or two later showed their tumors were quickly becoming smaller. The researchers reported their findings in the publication the New England Journal of Medicine.

　　Maus said, "None of us could really believe it."

　　Two of the patients' tumors began to regrow soon. A second treatment given to one of them did not work. But one patient's response to the experimental treatment lasted more than six months.

　　University of Pennsylvania researchers reported their findings in the publication Nature Medicine. They similarly found that in the first six patients given its therapy tumors got smaller. While some came back quickly, Bagley said one patient treated last August still has not had any regrowth.

　　For both teams, the goal is to see longer-lasting results.

　　Bagley said, "None of this is going to matter if it doesn't last."

　　Words in This Story

　　tumor – n. a mass of cells growing in or on a part of the body where they should not, usually causing medical problems

　　immune system – n. the system in your body that produces substances to help it fight against infection and disease

　　therapy – n. the treatment of a physical problem or an illness

　　optimistic – adj. expecting good things to happen or something to be successful; showing this feeling

　　diagnosis – n. the act of discovering or identifying the exact cause of an illness or a problem

　　mutation⁵ – n. a process in which the genetic³ material of a person, a plant or an animal changes in structure when it is passed on to children, causing different physical characteristics to develop; a change of this kind

　　engage – v. to start fighting against (an opponent)

　　attract – v. to cause (someone or something) to go to or move to or toward a place

　　response – v. something that is done as a reaction to something else

1 tumor   

n.（肿）瘤，肿块(英)tumour

参考例句：

• He was died of a malignant tumor.他死于恶性肿瘤。
• The surgeons irradiated the tumor.外科医生用X射线照射那个肿瘤。

2 diagnosis   

n.诊断，诊断结果，调查分析，判断

参考例句：

• His symptoms gave no obvious pointer to a possible diagnosis.他的症状无法作出明确的诊断。
• The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做一次彻底的调查分析。

3 genetic   

adj.遗传的，遗传学的

参考例句：

• It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
• Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。

4 genetically   

adv.遗传上

参考例句：

• All the bees in the colony are genetically related. 同一群体的蜜蜂都有亲缘关系。
• Genetically modified foods have already arrived on American dinner tables. 经基因改造加工过的食物已端上了美国人的餐桌。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 基因与食物

5 mutation   

n.变化，变异，转变

参考例句：

• People who have this mutation need less sleep than others.有这种突变的人需要的睡眠比其他人少。
• So far the discussion has centered entirely around mutation in the strict sense.到目前为止，严格来讲，讨论完全集中于围绕突变问题上。

6 molecules   

分子( molecule的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The structure of molecules can be seen under an electron microscope. 分子的结构可在电子显微镜下观察到。
• Inside the reactor the large molecules are cracked into smaller molecules. 在反应堆里，大分子裂变为小分子。