-
(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
THE MAKING OF A NATION - Election of 1868: Famous War Hero Becomes President
By David Jarmul
Broadcast: Thursday, July 21, 2005
(MUSIC)
VOICE ONE:
THE MAKING OF A NATION -- a program in Special English.
(MUSIC)
The years just after America's Civil War were difficult ones for the President, Andrew Johnson. He came to power suddenly in April, eighteen sixty-five, when Abraham Lincoln was assassinated1. And he soon found himself in a bitter struggle with Congress.
Radical2 members of the Republican Party held a trial in the Senate in an attempt to remove Johnson from office. But they could not prove their charges. Their effort failed. When the incident was over, Johnson had less than a year left in the White House. By then, the two political parties were preparing for the presidential election of eighteen sixty-eight.
This is Shep O'Neal. Today, Larry West and I tell the story of that election.
VOICE TWO:
There was no question about the Republican choice for president. Party leaders wanted General Ulysses Grant.
Grant had been head of the Union army during the last part of the Civil War. Under his leadership, the Union had won. And now, he was the best-liked man in the country.
Wherever Grant went, former soldiers waited to shake the hand of the man who had led them to victory against the Confederacy.
The Democratic Party had a much more difficult time choosing a candidate for president in eighteen sixty-eight. Forty-seven men wanted the nomination3. After several votes during its convention, the party failed to choose one above the others.
Finally, party leaders looked for a compromise candidate. They chose Horatio Seymour, a former governor of New York state. He won the nomination on the twenty-second ballot4.
Seymour, at first, said he could not accept the honor. He said he did not want to be president. But finally, after much urging from other party leaders, he agreed to run against Grant.
VOICE ONE:
The presidential campaign was a strange one. Neither Grant nor Seymour campaigned very hard. Grant told his advisers6 he would take no part in the election campaign. Seymour spent much of the time working on his farm.
The real campaigning was done by party supporters. Republicans urged Union men to "vote as you shot" for Ulysses Grant -- the man who won the Civil War. They warned that Horatio Seymour and the Democrats7 were all secret rebels in their hearts.
Seymour's supporters spent most of their time answering Republican charges. They struck back by accusing Grant of being a liar8. They said he was controlled by extremists. They said he would rule from the White House like a dictator.
VOICE TWO:
The democratic attacks failed. Grant got more popular votes and electoral votes than Seymour. He won the election. It was a great victory for the military hero. Yet it also was the start of an administration that would suffer many problems. Ulysses Grant would prove to be much less successful in politics than in war.
As Andrew Johnson prepared to leave the White House a few months after Grant's election, he would look back on some successes during his time as president. True, he had lost the political fight to control the re-building, or recontruction, of the defeated southern states. But he had won the equally important fight to keep the presidency9 independent from Congress.
Johnson also could look back on some successes in foreign relations. During his administration, he got Napolean the third of France to withdraw French forces from Mexico. And he got more territory for the United States.
VOICE ONE:
In the spring of eighteen sixty-seven, the Russian minister in Washington made a surprise offer. He said his country was willing to sell some of its territory in North America. Secretary of State William Seward quickly prepared a treaty accepting the offer.
Russia wanted ten million dollars for the land. Seward said the United States would pay only seven million dollars. Russia accepted, and the treaty was signed. The United States flag was raised over Alaska.
Many Americans protested the purchase of Alaska. They thought seven million dollars was too much to pay for a worthless piece of frozen land. They said the deal was foolish. They called it "Seward's Folly10."
In time, of course, these critics were proved wrong. Alaska's wealth in oil, natural gas, trees, fish and animal skins makes its purchase one of the greatest deals any country ever made for territory.
VOICE TWO:
On March fourth, eighteen sixty-nine, Ulysses Grant traveled to Washington for his inauguration11 as the eighteenth president of the United States. Out-going president Andrew Johnson refused to take part in the ceremony. Before Grant arrived, Johnson left the White House. As he walked out, he told a friend, "I think I can already smell the fresh mountain air of my home in Tennessee."
Americans had high hopes for their new president. They saw Gant as a strong and silent soldier -- a great leader who had won a long and bitter war. But there was another side to Grant which most people did not see. During the Civil War, the general had been a great hero. For many years before that, however, he had been considered a failure.
VOICE ONE:
As a young man, Grant entered West Point, the nation's school for army officers. He did poorly in his studies. He did not like responsibility. Somehow he completed his studies and become an army officer. He fought in America's war against Mexico.
After the war, Grant got into trouble. He drank too much whisky, too often. The army forced him to resign. For the next eight years, he tried one thing after another. He failed at each one. He tried farming, for example, and failed. He tried selling land, and failed at that, too.
At last, Grant appealed to his father for a job in a store. He held this low-paying job until the Civil War started. Then he finally got back into the army. He got his chance to succeed.
VOICE TWO:
Still, the years of poverty and failure affected12 Ulysses Grant. They made him lack trust in his own judgment13 and abilities. This feeling showed itself when Grant reached the White House.
The new president had little knowledge of politics or government. And he refused to ask for advice from experts. To do so, he felt, would show a lack of intelligence. For advice, he depended on close friends. These were the men with whom he had served during the Civil War.
Grant had never been able to make much money. He liked and had great respect for men who had. He became friends with some of these wealthy men. He accepted gifts from them. This weakness for money and power became clear when he announced his choices for his cabinet.
VOICE ONE:
Grant named a rich businessman to be Treasury14 Secretary. The Senate rejected him. Grant named another rich businessman for Navy Secretary. This nomination was approved, even though the man had never been on a ship.
Grant named several other rich people and old military friends to the cabinet. Many lacked political experience. Some critics attacked the appointments. One critic said: "Never was an administration begun with more hope. . . and less ability."
VOICE TWO:
The best adviser5 grant named was John Rawlins as Secretary of War. Rawlins was a good judge of men. And he was wiser than most of Grant's other friends. He alone, of all those around the president, would argue with Grant when he believed him to be wrong.
Rawlins, however, was in poor health. His condition grew worse during the summer of eighteen sixty-nine. Early in autumn, he died.
Rawlins' death hurt President Grant deeply. But the lack of honest, wise advice in the White House would hurt the country even more. That will be our story next week, in the next program of THE MAKING OF A NATION.
(MUSIC)
VOICE ONE:
You have been listening to THE MAKING OF A NATION, a program in Special English by the Voice of America. Your narrators were Larry West and Shep O'Neal. Our program was written by David Jarmul and Frank Beardsley. THE MAKING OF A NATION can be heard on Thursdays.
收听单词发音 |
1
assassinated
|
|
| v.暗杀( assassinate的过去式和过去分词 )；中伤；诋毁；破坏 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
2
radical
|
|
| n.激进份子，原子团，根号；adj.根本的，激进的，彻底的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
3
nomination
|
|
| n.提名，任命，提名权 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
4
ballot
|
|
| n.（不记名）投票，投票总数，投票权；vi.投票 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
5
adviser
|
|
| n.劝告者，顾问 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
6
advisers
|
|
| 顾问，劝告者( adviser的名词复数 )； （指导大学新生学科问题等的）指导教授 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
7
democrats
|
|
| n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
8
liar
|
|
| n.说谎的人 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
9
presidency
|
|
| n.总统(校长，总经理)的职位(任期) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
10
folly
|
|
| n.愚笨，愚蠢，蠢事，蠢行，傻话 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
11
inauguration
|
|
| n.开幕、就职典礼 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
12
affected
|
|
| adj.不自然的，假装的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
13
judgment
|
|
| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
14
treasury
|
|
| n.宝库；国库，金库；文库 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
购买
在百度中搜索