美国的高尔夫球运动

57 美国的高尔夫球运动
DATE=6-25-014
TITLE=THIS IS AMERICA #1070 - Golf
BYLINE=Shelley Gollust
 
VOICE ONE:
The most famous (1) athlete in the United States is a young man named Tiger Woods. He has earned millions of dollars playing golf. I'm Steve Ember.
VOICE TWO:
And I'm Shirley Griffith. The sport of golf is our report today on the VOA Special English program This is America.
((THEME))
VOICE ONE:
Experts say Tiger Woods may be one of the best American athletes ever. He is only twenty-five years old. But he has been playing golf since he was a very young child. His father began teaching¹ him how to play when he was only two years old. Tiger Woods won many (2) championships as a child. He became a (3) professional (4) golfer in Nineteen-Ninety-Six.
The next year, Tiger Woods became the first African-American golfer to win the Masters (5) Tournament. It is one of the most important competitions in golf. Experts said it was one of the best performances in the history of professional golf.
VOICE TWO:
In Nineteen-Ninety-Nine, Tiger Woods became the first golfer in more than twenty years to win eight professional golf competitions in one year. Earlier this year, Tiger Woods again won the Masters Golf Tournament. The win set another record. It made Tiger Woods the first golfer to hold all four professional major golf championships at the same time. Last year, he won the United States Open, the British Open, and the Professional Golf Association² Championship.
Golf experts say it is not just the fact that Tiger Woods has won the four (6) major championships. It is how well he played when he won them.
Many sports experts believe Tiger Woods will only improve as a golfer. They say he has not yet played his best golf game. During his five years as a professional golfer, Tiger Woods has earned more than any other golfer in history. He has earned more than fifteen-million dollars. He earns even more money doing (7) advertisements to help sell sports products. He has a five-year agreement with the Nike company worth forty-million dollars.
VOICE ONE:
Tiger's real name is Eldrick. His father, Earl Woods, is an African American. His mother, Kultida Woods, is a native of (8) Thailand.
Sports experts say Tiger Woods is mainly responsible for an increase in the (9) popularity³ of golf in the United States. They say more people are playing and watching golf because of the young golf star. And they say the game is becoming popular with new groups of people. In the past, most of the people who played golf were older white businessmen. Now the game is becoming popular with younger people and with members of (10) minority and (11) ethnic⁴ groups.
((MUSIC BRIDGE))
VOICE TWO:
Golf is an outdoor sport in which a player hits a small hard ball over a long distance. It is played on a large area of land called a golf course. The course is divided into eighteen areas, called holes, of different lengths and difficulty. Players must hit the ball into a small cup in the ground at the end of each of the eighteen holes.
An eighteen-hole golf course covers about sixty (12) hectares. It is usually at least six-thousand meters from the beginning of the first hole to the end of the eighteenth. The player who hits the ball the fewest number of times while playing the eighteen holes is the winner.
Players hit the ball with one of several kinds of golf clubs. The clubs are long thin (13) sticks with different shapes at the end where the ball is hit. The kind of club used depends on the distance of the ball from the hole.
VOICE ONE:
More than twenty-five million Americans play golf. In recent years, the number of (14) female⁵ golfers has increased as has the number of African American golfers. Men, women and children play golf as an individual or team sport. Young people play golf in teams in high school or college. People play for fun, to get fresh air and exercise.
Yet golf is not a sport for everyone. It requires a lot of skill. A golfer must have the power to be able to hit the ball a long distance to get it to the smooth green area that (15) surrounds each hole. Then the golfer must be able to hit the ball carefully for a short distance to get it into the hole. It takes a great deal of time to play the complete eighteen holes. So sometimes people play a shorter game of only nine holes.
VOICE TWO:
Golf costs more money to play than many other sports. A player must have a set of golf clubs and golf balls. And it costs a lot of money to play on most golf courses. The United States has more than sixteen-thousand golf courses. About thirty percent are (16) private. They are open only to people who pay a large amount of money every year to be members. About seventy percent of American golf courses are open to the public. People can pay to play golf for a day.
((MUSIC BRIDGE))
VOICE ONE:
Experts say that the modern game of golf began in (17) Scotland⁶. The first organized golf group began in Seventeen-Forty-Four in (18) Edinburgh. It established the first written rules of the game. The popularity of golf spread from Scotland and England to parts of the (19) British Commonwealth⁷, including India and Canada.
Experts say people may have played golf in the United States as early as the Seventeen-Hundreds. In Eighteen-Ninety-Four, the (20) Amateur⁸ Golf Association of the United States was established. It served as the governing body for golf in the United States. It is now known as the United States Golf Association.
VOICE TWO:
In Nineteen-Sixteen, some American golfers formed the Professional Golfers Association, or P-G-A. Professional golfers earn money from playing golf and winning competitions. The P-G-A Tour includes forty-nine golf competitions each year in the United States, Scotland, Canada, Spain and (21) Argentina. P-G-A Tour golfers travel for most of the year to play in many of these competitions.
VOICE ONE:
There also are two major golf competitions for women. One of them, the U-S Women's Open was played last month in North Carolina. A young golfer competed in that event. Morgan Pressel is only thirteen years old. She was the second youngest female golfer to compete in the U-S Women's Open. She has been playing golf for four years. Another woman in the golf tournament made news. She is Brenda Kuehn. She played the tournament while eight months (22) pregnant⁹ with her second child.
This year, the U-S Women's Open (23) awarded a record of almost three-million dollars in prize money. Karrie Webb of Australia won the championship.
((MUSIC BRIDGE))
VOICE TWO:
Another American professional golfer also made news last month. Casey Martin has a (24) disorder¹⁰ of his (25) circulatory system. It blocks blood flow to his right leg. The condition makes it painful and dangerous for him to walk long distances.
Casey Martin wants to compete in the P-G-A Tour competitions. But he is not able to walk about eight kilometers around a golf course. So he wants to ride in a golf (26) cart designed for traveling on a golf course. The P-G-A Tour bans such (27) vehicles in its tournaments. It says walking is an important part of the sport. And it says making an (28) exception¹¹ for Casey Martin would change championship golf.
VOICE ONE:
Casey Martin brought legal action against the P-G-A Tour in Nineteen-Ninety-Seven. He argued that a (29) federal¹² law that protects the rights of people with (30) disabilities gives him the right to use a golf cart during championship events. The P-G-A Tour (31) appealed the case to the United States Supreme¹³ Court. Last month, the Court ruled in support of Casey Martin. It ruled that he has a (32) legal right to ride in a golf cart at P-G-A Tour championships.
The (33) Supreme Court ruled that the federal disability law requires the P-G-A Tour to (34) suspend¹⁴ its requirement that players walk the course during tournaments. The Court said that allowing Martin to use a golf cart would not change the tournaments.
VOICE TWO:
Congress¹⁵ passed the Americans with Disabilities Act in Nineteen-Ninety. The law (35) bans unfair treatment of people with disabilities. It requires reasonable actions by businesses and public events to help disabled people unless such actions would seriously change the place or event.
One of Casey Martin's lawyers said the decision means that professional golf tournaments will be governed by the same rules as all other businesses. She called the ruling important to all people in sports because their disabilities will have to be considered.
Many other people praised the Supreme Court ruling. They hope it will give disabled people in the United States the right to play golf and all other sports.
((THEME))
VOICE ONE:
This program was written by Shelley Gollust. I'm Steve Ember.
VOICE TWO:
And I'm Shirley Griffith. Join us again next week for another report about life in the United States on the VOA Special English program This is America.

(1) athlete [ 5AWli:t ] n.运动员, 运动选手
(2) championship [ 5tFAmpjEnFip ] n.锦标赛
(3) professional [ prE5feFEnl ] n. 职业运动员, 职业艺人 adj.专业的
(4) golfer [`^ClfE(r)] n.打高尔夫球的人
(5) tournament [ 5tuEnEmEnt ] n.比赛, 锦标赛, 联赛
(6) major [ 5meidVE ] n.<美>[教]主修课adj.主修的, 成年的, 大调的 vi.
(7) advertisement [ Ed5vE:tismEnt ] n.广告, 做广告
(8) Thailand [ 5tailAnd ] n.泰国
(9) popularity [ 7pCpju5lAriti ] n.普及, 流行, 声望
(10) minority [ mai5nCriti, mi- ] n.少数, 少数民族
(11) ethnic [ 5eWnik ] adj.人种的, 种族的, 异教徒的
(12) hectare [ 5hektB: ] n.公顷
(13) stick [ stik ] n.棍, 棒, 手杖 v.粘住, 粘贴
(14) female [ 5fi:meil ] n.女性, 女人, 雌兽 adj.女性的, 女子的, 妇女的
(15) surround [ sE5raund ] vt.包围, 环境 v.围绕
(16) private [ 5praivit ] adj.私人的, 私有的, 私营的, 秘密的
(17) Scotland [ 5skCtlEnd ] n.苏格兰(英国的一部分,在不列颠北部)
(18) Edinburgh [ 5edinbErE ] n.爱丁堡(英国苏格兰首府)
(19) British Commonwealth n. 英联邦
(20) amateur [ 5AmEtE(:)] n.业余爱好者, 业余艺术家
(21) Argentina [ 7B:dVEn5ti:nE ] n.阿根廷
(22) pregnant [ 5pre^nEnt ] adj.怀孕的, 重要的, 富有意义的, 孕育的
(23) award [ E5wC:d ] n.奖, 奖品 vt.授予, 判给
(24) disorder [ dis5C:dE ] n.杂乱, 混乱vt.扰乱, 使失调, 使紊乱
(25) circulatory [s:kjJ5leItErI] adj.循环的
(26) cart [ kB:t ] n.大车, 手推车 vt.用车装载
(27) vehicle [ 5vi:ikl ] n.交通工具, 车辆
(28) exception [ ik5sepFEn ] n.除外, 例外, 反对, 异议
(29) federal [ 5fedErEl ] adj.联邦的, 联合的, 联邦制的, 同盟的
(30) disability  [ 7disE5biliti ] n.无力, 无能, 残疾
(31) appeal [ E5pi:l ] n.请求, 呼吁, 上诉, 吸引力, 要求 vi.求助, 诉请
(32) legal right n.合法权利
(33) Supreme Court 最高法院
(34) suspend [ sEs5pend ] vt.吊, 悬挂 v.延缓
(35) ban [ bB:n ] n.禁令 vt.禁止, 取缔(书刊等)

1 teaching   

n.教学，执教，任教，讲授；(复数)教诲

参考例句：

• We all agree in adopting the new teaching method. 我们一致同意采取新的教学方法。
• He created a new system of teaching foreign languages.他创造了一种新的外语教学体系。

2 association   

n.联盟，协会，社团；交往，联合；联想

参考例句：

• Our long association with your company has brought great benefits.我方和贵公司的长期合作带来了巨大的利益。
• I broke away from the association ten years ago.我10年前就脱离了那个团体。

3 popularity   

n.普及，流行，名望，受欢迎

参考例句：

• The story had an extensive popularity among American readers.这本小说在美国读者中赢得广泛的声望。
• Our product enjoys popularity throughout the world.我们的产品饮誉全球。

4 ethnic   

adj.人种的，种族的，异教徒的

参考例句：

• This music would sound more ethnic if you played it in steel drums.如果你用钢鼓演奏，这首乐曲将更具民族特色。
• The plan is likely only to aggravate ethnic frictions.这一方案很有可能只会加剧种族冲突。

5 female   

adj.雌的，女(性)的；n.雌性的动物，女子

参考例句：

• We only employ female workers.我们只雇用女工。
• The animal in the picture was a female elephant.照片上的动物是头母象。

6 Scotland   

n.苏格兰

参考例句：

• He has been hiking round Scotland for a month.他围着苏格兰徒步旅行了一个月。
• Scotland is to the north of England.苏格兰在英格兰之北。

7 commonwealth   

n.共和国，联邦，共同体

参考例句：

• He is the chairman of the commonwealth of artists.他是艺术家协会的主席。
• Most of the members of the Commonwealth are nonwhite.英联邦的许多成员国不是白人国家。

8 amateur   

adj.业余的，非专业的；n.业余爱好者

参考例句：

• He made an amateur attempt to build a cupboard.他很外行地试做了一个碗柜。
• Although Tom's only an amateur he's a first-class player.虽然汤姆只是个业余爱好者，但却是一流的高手。

9 pregnant   

adj.怀孕的，怀胎的

参考例句：

• She is a pregnant woman.她是一名孕妇。
• She is pregnant with her first child.她怀了第一胎。

10 disorder   

n.紊乱，混乱；骚动，骚乱；疾病，失调

参考例句：

• When returning back,he discovered the room to be in disorder.回家后，他发现屋子里乱七八糟。
• It contained a vast number of letters in great disorder.里面七零八落地装着许多信件。

11 exception   

n.例外,除外

参考例句：

• Everyone should keep discipline and you are no exception. 每个人都应该遵守纪律,你也毫无例外。
• There's an exception to every rule. 每项规则均有例外。

12 federal   

adj.联盟的；联邦的；(美国)联邦政府的

参考例句：

• Switzerland is a federal republic.瑞士是一个联邦共和国。
• The schools are screaming for federal aid.那些学校强烈要求联邦政府的援助。

13 supreme   

adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的

参考例句：

• It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。

14 suspend   

vt. 推迟, 悬挂, 暂停, 取消; vi. 悬挂, 中止, 停止偿付债务

参考例句：

• Balloons suspend easily in the air. 气球容易浮在空中。
• I request them to suspend their decision until they have read my narrative. 我请求他们没看完我写的故事之前,别轻率地先下断语。

15 Congress   

n.(代表)大会；(C-:美国等国的)国会，议会

参考例句：

• There were some days to wait before the Congress.大会的召开还有几天时间。
• After 18 years in Congress,he intented to return to private life.在国会供职18年后，他打算告老还乡。