保罗·罗宾逊（一）

73 保罗·罗宾逊（一）

DATE=7-22-01
TITLE=PEOPLE IN AMERICA #1831 - Paul Robeson (Part One)
BYLINE=Shelley Gollust

VOICE ONE:
   I'm Shirley Griffith.
   VOICE TWO:
   And I'm Steve Ember with the V-O-A Special English program PEOPLE IN AMERICA.
  Today, we tell about Paul Robeson [ROBE a son]. He was a singer, actor, and civil rights (1)activist.
  In the Nineteen-Thirties, he was one of the best known and most widely honored¹ black Americans.  Later in his life he was (2)condemned for (3)supporting (4)communism and the (5)Soviet² Union.
   (THEME)
   VOICE ONE:
   Paul Robeson was born in (6)Princeton, (7)New Jersey³ in Eighteen-Ninety-Eight.  His father was a former slave who became the (8)religious leader of a Protestant (9)church.  Paul was an excellent student and (10)athlete.
  Rutgers University in New Jersey gave him money so he could study there.  He played four different sports while at Rutgers.  He also was the top student in his class.
  Members of his class believed Paul Robeson would become the leader of black people in America.
   VOICE TWO:
   Paul Robeson graduated from Rutgers in Nineteen-Nineteen.
  He attended law school at Columbia University in New York City.
  He was only the third black person to attend Columbia Law School. On the weekends, he earned money by playing professional football.  He also acted in plays.
  He married Eslanda Cordoza Goode while he was in law school.  After he graduated in Nineteen-Twenty-Three, he got a job with a group of lawyers in New York.
  However, he left when he experienced⁴ unfair (11)treatment because he was black.
  He decided⁵ not to work as a lawyer. Instead, he wanted to use his ability in (12)theater and music to support African-American history and (13)culture.
   VOICE ONE:
   Robeson became a professional actor.  He joined the Provincetown Players, an acting⁶ group linked to American (14)playwright Eugene O'Neill.  Robeson was the star in two famous productions by Eugene O'Neill in the Nineteen-Twenties.
  They were "All God's Chillun Got Wings" and "The Emperor Jones."  Critics praised his (15)performances.
  Robeson became the most recognized black actor of his time.
   VOICE TWO:
   In London, he earned international praise for his leading part in William (16)Shakespeare's great (17)tragic play, "Othello."  That was in Nineteen-Thirty.
  Thirteen years later, he played "Othello" on (18) Broadway in New York.  It was very popular.
  In "Othello," Robeson played an African general in (19) ancient (20) Venice.  He is married to a young white woman.
  Othello kills his wife after being (21) tricked into believing that she loves someone else.
  This is how Paul Robeson sounded in "Othello."
   (TAPE CUT #1: "MONOLOGUE⁷ FROM "OTHELLO")
   VOICE ONE:
   Paul Robeson also was famous for appearing in the popular American musical play "Show Boat."
  He performed the play in London in Nineteen-Twenty-Eight and on Broadway four years later. He played a (22)riverboat worker.
  Jerome Kern wrote the music for "Show Boat."  Paul Robeson sang the song "Ol' Man River."   (TAPE CUT #2: "OL' MAN RIVER")
   VOICE TWO:
   Paul Robeson appeared in eleven movies in the Nineteen-Twenties and Nineteen-Thirties.  However, he realized that his acting was limited by the small number of parts for black actors.
  He (23)criticized the American movie industry for not showing the real lives of black people in America.
  He stopped making movies and decided to sing (24)professionally instead.
  Robeson sang many kinds of music.  He sang (25)folk music from many countries.
  He sang songs to support the labor⁸ and social movements of his time.  He sang songs for peace and (26)justice. And, he sang African-American (27)spiritual music.  One of his famous songs was this spiritual, "Balm in Gilead."
   (TAPE CUT #3:"BALM IN GILEAD")
   VOICE ONE:
   Paul Robeson was recognized around the world for his fight for civil rights for black Americans.
  (28)Separation of black people and white people was (29)legal in the United States.  Black people did not have the same rights as white people.  They were not treated (30)equally.  For example, Robeson could not be served in some eating places in the United States.
  (31)Violence against black people was common.  Angry mobs⁹ of whites sometimes killed black people, (32)especially in the southern United States.   VOICE TWO:
   In the late Nineteen-Thirties, Paul Robeson became (33)involved in national and international movements that (34)sought peace and better labor conditions.
  He also supported (35)independence for African colonies¹⁰ from their European rulers.
  He learned¹¹ the languages and folk songs of other cultures.  He said these folk songs (36)expressed the same feelings that were in African-American music. He learned to speak, write and sing in more than twenty languages.   VOICE ONE:
   Robeson traveled a great deal in Europe during the Nineteen-Thirties.  He found that black people were treated better in Europe than in the United States.  He met members of (37)liberal¹² political organizations, socialists¹³ and African nationalists.
  He also met many working people and poor people.
   For many years, he performed in concerts in many countries.  The songs he sang supported the (38)struggle for racial justice for black Americans, and for civil rights and (39)economic justice for people around the world.
  He refused to perform at concerts where the people were separated by race.  He said, "The idea of my concerts is to suggest that all men are brothers because of their music."
   VOICE TWO:
   In Nineteen-Thirty-Four, Paul Robeson made the first of many (40)trips to the Soviet Union.  In the Soviet Union, he said, he was treated as an equal of whites for the first time in his life.  He declared his friendship for the Soviet Union.
  And he spoke¹⁴ about the need for peaceful co-existence between the United States and the Soviet Union.
  (41)Conservative groups in the United States strongly (42)opposed his friendship with the Soviet Union and his support for other liberal (43)issues.   VOICE ONE:
   Paul Robeson went to Spain in Nineteen-Thirty-Eight during the Spanish Civil War.  He sang for Spanish civilians¹⁵.
  And he sang for the (44)Loyalist forces fighting for the Spanish republic.
  One of the songs he sang was this Spanish Loyalist song, "The Four (45)Insurgent¹⁶ Generals."
   (TAPE CUT #4: "THE FOUR INSURGENT GENERALS")
   VOICE TWO:
   In the Nineteen-Forties, many people in the United States were strongly opposed to Paul Robeson's political beliefs.  They said he was too liberal or (46)extreme.
  Next week, we will tell you about how opposition¹⁷ to his political beliefs (47)affected the last part of his life.   (THEME)   VOICE ONE:   This PEOPLE IN AMERICA program was written by Shelley Gollust and produced by Lawan Davis.  I'm Shirley Griffith.
   VOICE TWO:
   And I'm Steve Ember.  Join us again when we finish the story of Paul Robeson in Special English on the Voice of America.

(1)activist [ 5Aktivist ]n.激进主义分子
(2)condemn [ kEn5dem ]vt.谴责
(3)support [ sE5pC:t ]vt.支持
(4)communism [ 5kCmjunizEm ]n.共产主义
(5)Soviet Union 苏联
(6)Princeton [ 5prinstEn ]n.普林斯顿
(7)New Jersey [ nju: 5dVE:zi ]n.新泽西州(美国太平洋沿岸)
(8)religious [ ri5lidVEs ]adj.宗教上的
(9)church [ tFE:tF ]n.教堂
(10)athlete [ 5AWli:t ]n.运动员, 运动选手
(11)treatment [ 5tri:tmEnt ]n.对待
(12)theater [5WIEtE(r)]n.剧场
(13)culture [ 5kQltFE ]n.文化, 文明
(14)playwright [5pleIraIt]n.剧作家
(15)performance [ pE5fC:mEns ]n.表演
(16)Shakespeare n.莎士比亚
(17)tragic [ 5trAdVik ]adj.悲惨的, 悲剧的
(18)Broadway [ 5brC:dwei ]n.百老汇
(19)ancient [ 5einFEnt ]adj.远古的, 旧的
(20)Venice [ 5venis ]n.威尼斯(意大利港市)
(21)trick [ trik ] vt.欺骗, 哄骗
(22)riverboat [`rIvEbEJt]n.内河船（如拖轮、大型平底船、划船等的）
(23)criticize [ 5kritisaiz ]v.批评, 责备
(24)professionally adv.专业地, 内行地
(25)folk [ fEuk ] adj.民间的
(26)justice [ 5dVQstis ]n.正义, 正当, 公平
(27)spiritual [ 5spiritjuEl ]adj.精神上的
(28)separation [ sepE5reiFEn ]n.分离, 分开
(29)legal [ 5li:^El ] adj.法律的, 法定的, 合法
(30)equally [ 5i:kwEli ]adv.相等地, 平等地, 公平地
(31)violence [ 5vaiElEns ]n.暴力
(32)especially [ is5peFEli ]adv.特别, 尤其
(33)involve [ in5vClv ]vt.包括
(34)seek [ si:k ]v.寻找, 探索, 寻求
(35)independence [ 7indi5pendEns ]n.独立, 自主
(36)express [ iks5pres ]vt.表达, 表示
(37)liberal [ 5libErEl ] adj.自由主义的
(38)struggle [ 5strQ^l ]n.斗争
(39)economic [ 7i:kE5nCmik ]adj.经济(上)的
(40)trip [ trip ]n.(短途)旅行
(41)conservative [ kEn5sE:vEtiv ]adj.保守的
(42)oppose [ E5pEuz ]vt.反对
(43)issue [ 5isju: ]n.论点
(44)loyalist [ 5lCiElist ]n.忠诚的人, 反对独立者
(45)insurgent [ in5sE:dVEnt ]adj.起义的
(46)extreme [ iks5tri:m ]adj.极端的, 偏激的
(47)affect [ E5fekt ]vt.影响

1 honored   

adj.光荣的：荣幸的v.尊敬，给以荣誉( honor的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• I hope to be honored with further orders. 如蒙惠顾，不胜荣幸。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• This is a time-honored custom. 这是一个古老的习俗。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 Soviet   

adj.苏联的，苏维埃的；n.苏维埃

参考例句：

• Zhukov was a marshal of the former Soviet Union.朱可夫是前苏联的一位元帅。
• Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941.德国在1941年开始进攻苏联。

3 jersey   

n.运动衫

参考例句：

• He wears a cotton jersey when he plays football.他穿运动衫踢足球。
• They were dressed alike in blue jersey and knickers.他们穿着一致，都是蓝色的运动衫和灯笼短裤。

4 experienced   

adj.有经验的；经验丰富的，熟练的

参考例句：

• Experienced seamen will advise you about sailing in this weather.有经验的海员会告诉你在这种天气下的航行情况。
• Perhaps you and I had better change over;you are more experienced.也许我们的工作还是对换一下好，你比我更有经验。

5 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

6 acting   

n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的

参考例句：

• Ignore her,she's just acting.别理她，她只是假装的。
• During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代，她的表演生涯黯然失色。

7 monologue   

n.长篇大论，（戏剧等中的）独白

参考例句：

• The comedian gave a long monologue of jokes.喜剧演员讲了一长段由笑话组成的独白。
• He went into a long monologue.他一个人滔滔不绝地讲话。

8 labor   

n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦

参考例句：

• We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
• He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。

9 mobs   

v.聚众包围( mob的第三人称单数 )；聚众闹事

参考例句：

• There was a raid on a bank by armed mobs yesterday. 昨天发生了一起武装暴徒抢劫银行的事件。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The following day mobs seized the Parliament building. 第二天暴徒占领了议会大厦。 来自《简明英汉词典》

10 colonies   

n.殖民地( colony的名词复数 )；（侨民等）聚居区；（动植物的）群体；（来自同一地方，职业或兴趣相同的）聚居人群

参考例句：

• They amassed huge wealth by plundering the colonies. 他们通过掠夺殖民地聚敛了大笔的财富。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• But throughout the colonies, people relied primarily on small farms and self-sufficiency. 但就整个殖民地来说，人们主要依靠小型农场，过着自给自足的生活。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件

11 learned   

adj.有学问的，博学的；learn的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• He went into a rage when he learned about it.他听到这事后勃然大怒。
• In this little village,he passed for a learned man.在这个小村子里，他被视为有学问的人。

12 liberal   

adj.心胸宽阔的；自由(主义)的；慷慨的

参考例句：

• He has a liberal attitude to divorce and remarriage.他对离婚和再婚看得很开。
• This country adopts a liberal foreign policy.该国采用的是开放的外交政策。

13 socialists   

社会主义者( socialist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The socialists saw themselves as true heirs of the Enlightenment. 社会主义者认为自己是启蒙运动的真正继承者。
• The Socialists junked dogma when they came to office in 1982. 社会党人1982年上台执政后，就把其政治信条弃之不顾。

14 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

15 civilians   

平民，百姓( civilian的名词复数 )； 老百姓

参考例句：

• the bloody massacre of innocent civilians 对无辜平民的血腥屠杀
• At least 300 civilians are unaccounted for after the bombing raids. 遭轰炸袭击之后，至少有300名平民下落不明。

16 insurgent   

adj.叛乱的，起事的；n.叛乱分子

参考例句：

• Faruk says they are threatened both by insurgent and government forces.法鲁克说，他们受到暴乱分子和政府军队的双重威胁。
• The insurgent mob assembled at the gate of the city park.叛变的暴徒聚在市立公园的门口。

17 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。