86 从权利之颠坠落的米洛舍维奇

86 从权利之颠坠落的米洛舍维奇

Milosevic Fall From Power: A Look Back
Laurie Kassman
London
29 Jun 2001 20:03 UTC

Slobodan Milosevic maintained an iron 1)grip on power for 13 years. He rose from low-level Communist ranks to become a 2)defiant nationalist leader who, in 1987, promised to defend his Serb nation against all enemies.
But his 3)ambition to create a greater Serbia eventually brought four wars and the 4)disintegration of the six-republic Yugoslav Federation¹.
In 1989, he 5)revoked the 6)autonomy of the Serbian province of Kosovo, angering the ethnic² Albanian majority there, but greatly pleasing supporters of a greater Serbia. His nationalist 7)rhetoric also fueled 8)separatist movements in Slovenia, Croatia and Bosnia.
Slovenia successfully seceded³ after only a few days of fighting, but the republics of Croatia and Bosnia were turned into 9)bloody battlefields in the early 1990s.
Diplomats⁴ who dealt with Mr. Milosevic describe him as a 10)pragmatist who thrived on crisis and often managed to position himself as the solution to 11)ethnic conflicts he had himself 12)ignited.
Even though his name was linked to repression⁵ and massacre⁶ in Bosnia, the West had to negotiate with him to reach a peace agreement there in 1995.
But Balkans expert John Alcock, of Britain's Bradford University, says the former Yugoslav leader's miscalculation of the domestic and international tolerance⁷ for his actions eventually led to his 13)downfall. "He didn't realize that the West was not prepared to tolerate keeping Yugoslavia at any cost. So there has been a whole succession of misperceptions [by Mr. Milosevic] of the domestic political scene and also the international political scene, which are responsible for his downfall," Mr. Alcock said.
The West finally lost patience in 1999 when Mr. Milosevic refused to withdraw his troops from the Serb province of Kosovo and end his 14)crackdown on ethnic Albanians there.
Ex-president Milosevic is led to jail in The Hague. The West could no longer 15)turn a blind eye after a flood of 16)refugees brought reports of 17)massacres and 18)assassinations.
At the time, British politician William Hague directly blamed Mr. Milosevic. "There is one person above all who must take the blame for the enormous suffering in Kosovo, one person who must take the blame for enormous suffering in other parts of the Balkans during this decade. That person is Milosevic who must be regarded as an evil man with much blood on his hands," Mr. Hague said.
Britain's defense⁸ minister at the time, George Robertson, labeled Mr. Milosevic "a serial⁹ ethnic 19)cleanser."
In March 1999, British Prime Minister Tony Blair justified¹⁰ NATO's use of force in Kosovo as the only language the Yugoslav dictator would understand. "It was Milosevic who stripped Kosovo of its autonomy in 1989 and it is Milosevic who is now refusing to tackle a political problem by political means," he said.
Mr. Milosevic lost control of Kosovo in 1999. The International War Crimes Tribunal 20)indicted him as a war criminal the same year.
Still, he refused to give up power and 21)amended the constitution in 2000 so he could seek re-election. He tried to 22)manipulate the election when it was clear he had lost it. The move backfired.
Thousands of angry Serbs took to the streets. The popular 23)revolt finally forced him from power last October. The reformist candidate who had won the election was sworn into office.
Mr. Milosevic was arrested in March 2001 on charges of corruption¹¹. He was closely monitored in jail by officials afraid he would try to commit suicide as both his parents had.
Most Serbs agreed it was only a matter of time before he would be sent to the 24)tribunal in The Hague.
Today, Slobodan Milosevic 25)awaits trial on charges of war crimes and crimes against humanity for his 1998 crackdown on Kosovo's ethnic Albanians. He will also be charged with war crimes for his role in the Croatian and Bosnian conflicts.
Mr. Milosevic had always portrayed¹² himself as the savior of the Serb nation. Balkans expert John Alcock says he will be remembered instead as someone very different. "He will go down in history also as a leader of Yugoslavia who has actually by his actions precipitated¹³ the end of his own state."
Ironically, Slobodan Milosevic was taken to the tribunal in The Hague to face charges of war crimes in Kosovo exactly 12 years to the day after he went to Kosovo and gave the speech that established him as the self-26)proclaimed defender¹⁴ of the Serb nation.

(1) grip[^rIp]vt.紧握, 紧夹n.掌握, 控制, 把手v.抓住
(2) defiant[dI5faIEnt]adj.挑战的, 挑衅的, 目中无人的
(3) ambiton[Am5bIF(E)n]n.野心, 雄心
(4) disintegration[dIsIntI5^reIF(E)n]n.瓦解
(5) revoke[rI5vEJk]vt.撤回, 废除, 宣告无效
(6) autonomy[C:5tRnEmI]n.自治
(7) rhetoric[5retErIk]adj.花言巧语的
(8) separatist[5sepErEtIst]n.分离主义者, 独立派
(9) bloody[5blQdI]adj.血腥的, 嗜杀的
(10) pragmatist[`prA^mEtIst]n.实用主义者, 爱管闲事的人
(11) ethnic[5eWnIk]adj.人种的, 种族的, 异教徒的
(12) ignite[I^5naIt]v.点火, 点燃
(13) downfall[5daJnfC:l]n.衰败, 垮台
(14) crackdown n.压迫, 镇压, 打击
(15) turn a blind eye to v.熟视无睹
(16) refugee[refjJ:5dVi:; (?@) 5refjJdVi:]n.难民, 流亡者
(17) massacre[5mAsEkE(r)]n.大屠杀v.残杀, 集体屠杀
(18) assassination n.暗杀
(19) cleanser[5klenzE(r)]n.清洁剂, 使清洁的东西
(20) indict[In5daIt]vt.起诉, 控告, 指控, 告发
(21) amende[B:`mCNd]n.道歉, 赔偿
(22) manipulate[mE5nIpjJleIt]vt.(熟练地)操作, 操纵(人或市价、市场) vt.(熟练地)操作
(23) revolt[rI5vEJlt]v.反抗, 起义, 反叛, 反感, 厌恶
(24) tribunal[traI5bju:n(E)l]n.法官席, 审判员席, (特等)法庭
(25) await[E5weIt]vt.等候
(26) proclaim[prE5kleIm]vt.宣布, 声明, 显示, 显露

 

1 federation   

n.同盟，联邦，联合，联盟，联合会

参考例句：

• It is a federation of 10 regional unions.它是由十个地方工会结合成的联合会。
• Mr.Putin was inaugurated as the President of the Russian Federation.普京正式就任俄罗斯联邦总统。

2 ethnic   

adj.人种的，种族的，异教徒的

参考例句：

• This music would sound more ethnic if you played it in steel drums.如果你用钢鼓演奏，这首乐曲将更具民族特色。
• The plan is likely only to aggravate ethnic frictions.这一方案很有可能只会加剧种族冲突。

3 seceded   

v.脱离，退出( secede的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The Republic of Panama seceded from Colombia in 1903. 巴拿马共和国于1903年脱离哥伦比亚。
• One of the states has seceded from the federation. 有一个州已从联邦中退出。 来自辞典例句

4 diplomats   

n.外交官( diplomat的名词复数 )；有手腕的人，善于交际的人

参考例句：

• These events led to the expulsion of senior diplomats from the country. 这些事件导致一些高级外交官被驱逐出境。
• The court has no jurisdiction over foreign diplomats living in this country. 法院对驻本国的外交官无裁判权。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 repression   

n.镇压，抑制，抑压

参考例句：

• The repression of your true feelings is harmful to your health.压抑你的真实感情有害健康。
• This touched off a new storm against violent repression.这引起了反对暴力镇压的新风暴。

6 massacre   

n.残杀，大屠杀；v.残杀，集体屠杀

参考例句：

• There was a terrible massacre of villagers here during the war.在战争中，这里的村民惨遭屠杀。
• If we forget the massacre,the massacre will happen again!忘记了大屠杀，大屠杀就有可能再次发生！

7 tolerance   

n.宽容；容忍，忍受；耐药力；公差

参考例句：

• Tolerance is one of his strengths.宽容是他的一个优点。
• Human beings have limited tolerance of noise.人类对噪音的忍耐力有限。

8 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。

9 serial   

n.连本影片，连本电视节目；adj.连续的

参考例句：

• A new serial is starting on television tonight.今晚电视开播一部新的电视连续剧。
• Can you account for the serial failures in our experiment?你能解释我们实验屡屡失败的原因吗？

10 justified   

a.正当的，有理的

参考例句：

• She felt fully justified in asking for her money back. 她认为有充分的理由要求退款。
• The prisoner has certainly justified his claims by his actions. 那个囚犯确实已用自己的行动表明他的要求是正当的。

11 corruption   

n.腐败，堕落，贪污

参考例句：

• The people asked the government to hit out against corruption and theft.人民要求政府严惩贪污盗窃。
• The old man reviled against corruption.那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。

12 portrayed   

v.画像( portray的过去式和过去分词 )；描述；描绘；描画

参考例句：

• Throughout the trial, he portrayed himself as the victim. 在审讯过程中，他始终把自己说成是受害者。
• The author portrayed his father as a vicious drunkard. 作者把他父亲描绘成一个可恶的酒鬼。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

13 precipitated   

v.（突如其来地）使发生( precipitate的过去式和过去分词 )；促成；猛然摔下；使沉淀

参考例句：

• His resignation precipitated a leadership crisis. 他的辞职立即引发了领导层的危机。
• He lost his footing and was precipitated to the ground. 他失足摔倒在地上。 来自《简明英汉词典》

14 defender   

n.保卫者，拥护者，辩护人

参考例句：

• He shouldered off a defender and shot at goal.他用肩膀挡开防守队员，然后射门。
• The defender argued down the prosecutor at the court.辩护人在法庭上驳倒了起诉人。