2006年VOA标准英语-Report Shows Medication Errors Common in Health

By Melinda Smith
Washington, DC
07 August 2006
 
watch Prescription¹ Errors
 
  
  
A recent report indicates hospital patients in the United States are the victims of at least, on average, one medication mistake every day.  Medication errors can jeopardize² patient safety and cost hundreds of millions of dollars in drug-related injuries and health care costs.  These alarming figures are part of a recent report, and one of the authors says the findings are disturbing.

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With four billion prescriptions³ filled every year in the United States, there is a large margin⁴ of error.  

 
Dr. Albert Wu 
  
Dr. Albert Wu is an Internist and Professor of Health Policy at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland.  "There are so many medications being prescribed today. Patients on average see many physicians -- especially older patients, or people who have chronic⁵ illnesses. They may see ten different doctors or more in a year. "

Dr. Wu is one of the authors of the report and he found problems occurring at every stage -- from the manufacturer and government regulators, to health insurance organizations, druggists and medical personnel.

He relates some of the ways that errors occur. "The patient gets the wrong medicine, the wrong dose, it is administered in a combination of other medications where it should not be, perhaps it is administered to the wrong person."

The report was commissioned by the Institute of Medicine, which advises the U.S. government and health care providers. Data submitted by 8,000 hospitals in the United States shows at least one and a half-million people are harmed every year by drug-related errors.  

One of the recommendations of changes to be made by the year 2010:  handwritten prescriptions should be replaced by computerized orders.  Johns Hopkins' Medical Safety Officer Dr. Robert Feroli says tracking prescriptions electronically will install safeguards along the way:

Dr. Robert Feroli   
  
"One of the things we're doing with the computer that's not available as a handwritten order is that the computer can say, 'Here's a drug interaction…are you sure?' Or, ‘There's a dose that doesn't seem right. Are you sure, doctor, this is what you want?' Again, another error checking system."

The Institute of Medicine estimates that only six percent of U.S. health care institutions use electronic prescribing.  Yet technology is only as effective as the human beings who use it. 

Dr. Feroli says patients should provide the physician with a list of the medications they're already taking or better yet, bring in the medications themselves. "What you can do is uncover a variety of problems that actually might be the reason why the patient is to see the doctor to begin with."

Amy Hatfield   
  
At Johns Hopkins, clinical pharmacist Amy Hatfield is part of the medical team caring for cancer patients. She would like to see up-to-the-minute computerized analysis at the bedside. "Often our patients come in and we don't have all their past medical history because they've never been treated in our hospital system before. That would be very helpful for us," she says.

Johns Hopkins Hospital is ranked number one among America's best hospitals.  Yet for all its world-class medical expertise⁶, Dr. Albert Wu says patients at Hopkins and other medical facilities could do more to improve their own care.

"I think that patients are too deferential⁷ and just because the doctor knows more about medicine than you do, does not mean that he or she knows everything about you," says the doctor. "If patients need to speak up, doctors need to listen up: pay more attention to what the patient is saying and take that into account in making their decisions."

1 prescription   

n.处方，开药；指示，规定

参考例句：

• The physician made a prescription against sea- sickness for him.医生给他开了个治晕船的药方。
• The drug is available on prescription only.这种药只能凭处方购买。

2 jeopardize   

vt.危及，损害

参考例句：

• Overworking can jeopardize your health.工作过量可能会危及你的健康。
• If you are rude to the boss it may jeopardize your chances of success.如果你对上司无礼，那就可能断送你成功的机会。

3 prescriptions   

药( prescription的名词复数 )； 处方； 开处方； 计划

参考例句：

• The hospital of traditional Chinese medicine installed a computer to fill prescriptions. 中医医院装上了电子计算机来抓药。
• Her main job was filling the doctor's prescriptions. 她的主要工作就是给大夫开的药方配药。

4 margin   

n.页边空白；差额；余地，余裕；边，边缘

参考例句：

• We allowed a margin of 20 minutes in catching the train.我们有20分钟的余地赶火车。
• The village is situated at the margin of a forest.村子位于森林的边缘。

5 chronic   

adj.(疾病)长期未愈的，慢性的；极坏的

参考例句：

• Famine differs from chronic malnutrition.饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。
• Chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition.慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。

6 expertise   

n.专门知识(或技能等)，专长

参考例句：

• We were amazed at his expertise on the ski slopes.他斜坡滑雪的技能使我们赞叹不已。
• You really have the technical expertise in a new breakthrough.让你真正在专业技术上有一个全新的突破。

7 deferential   

adj. 敬意的，恭敬的

参考例句：

• They like five-star hotels and deferential treatment.他们喜欢五星级的宾馆和毕恭毕敬的接待。
• I am deferential and respectful in the presence of artists.我一向恭敬、尊重艺术家。