2007年VOA标准英语-Complexity Marks Pakistan-US Relationship on Co

By Gary Thomas
Washington
12 January 2007

Remarks by outgoing U.S. intelligence chief John Negroponte have sparked an angry reaction from Pakistan.  Testifying on Capitol Hill Thursday, Negroponte said al-Qaida has proved to be resilient, and is forging new relationships from its operational base inside Pakistan.  As VOA intelligence correspondent Gary Thomas reports, Pakistan and the United States have somewhat different views about linkages¹ between Islamic extremism and terrorist groups.

In testimony² before the Senate Intelligence Committee, director of National Intelligence John Negroponte said al-Qaida had found safe haven³ in Pakistan.  But he did not, as some media outlets⁴ reported, accuse Pakistan of harboring al-Qaida.

Outgoing National Intelligence Director John Negroponte testifies on Capitol Hill in Washington

"They are cultivating stronger operational connections and relationships that radiate outward from their leaders' secure hideout in Pakistan to affiliates⁵ throughout the Middle East, North Africa and Europe," he said.

Nevertheless, the remarks sparked sharp reaction from Pakistani officials. Some of them complained bitterly that Pakistan was not given credit for what it has done to eradicate⁶ al-Qaida.  But the later testimony of the chief of the Defense⁷ Intelligence Agency, Lieutenant⁸ General Michael Maples⁹, which was little reported, did give credit to Pakistani counterterrorism efforts.

"Pakistan's direct assistance has led to the eradication¹⁰ or capture of numerous al-Qaida terrorists," he noted¹¹.  "Nevertheless, Pakistan's border region with Afghanistan remains¹² a haven for al-Qaida's leadership and other extremists."

But the perception remains strong in U.S. circles that Pakistan has not been aggressive enough in eradicating¹³ terrorist sanctuaries¹⁴ in the tribal¹⁵-ruled lands along the border, from where a resurgent Taleban has been launching cross-border attacks into Afghanistan.

Privately¹⁶, U.S. officials say that at least some elements of Pakistan's powerful Inter-Services Intelligence agency (ISI) are sympathetic with the Taleban and perhaps al-Qaida.  The Taleban was largely a creation of Pakistan and the ISI, say analysts¹⁸, as a way of getting a friendly and less contentious¹⁹ government in Kabul.

Christine Fair, a South Asia analyst¹⁷ at the U.S. Institute for Peace, says that while the West tends to lump the Taleban and al-Qaida together, Pakistan sees the Taleban as a local phenomenon with whom they can cut deals.  Al-Qaida, on the other hand, is regarded by most Pakistani officials as foreign interlopers.  The problem, she says, is that there is often overlapping²⁰ membership by some Islamic extremists in both groups.

"I would not say that Pakistan deliberately²¹ harbors al-Qaida," she said.  "I do think that they harbor the Taleban, or at least elements of it. But I think that where Pakistan has the most difficulty is when members of their protected organizations, like certain people in the Taleban, the Kashmir focus groups, when they have overlapping membership with people that Pakistan thinks are bad guys."

P.J. Crowley, special assistant for National Security Affairs during the Clinton Administration, says the resurgent Taleban and al-Qaida pose a renewed threat to the Afghan government of President Hamid Karzai.  Appearing on the VOA program Encounter, Crowley, now director of National Defense and Homeland Security at the Center for American Progress, argues that Pakistan is more important in the war on terror than Iraq. 

"One can argue that there is something of a safe haven along the tribal areas in Pakistan, which has allowed the Taleban and al-Qaida to pose something of a comeback and a renewed threat to the Karzai government," he explained.  "This is an operation that is starved for resources.  So I think that if you're calculating where you're going to make your next investment in the war on terror, I would not choose Iraq."

Analysts point out that President Pervez Musharraf, who has ruled Pakistan since a coup²² in 1999, must walk a tightrope²³ between meeting American demands to get tough with terrorists in the tribal zones and not alienating²⁴ the Islamic religious parties in a presidential election year in Pakistan.

1 linkages   

n.连接( linkage的名词复数 )；结合；联系；联动装置

参考例句：

• Only the thermosetting resins provide a strong cohesive forces; this is due to molecular cross linkages. 只有热固性树脂具有巨大的凝聚力，这是由于分子交错链所造成的。 来自辞典例句
• The linkages between the stable units must be as near as possible of equal stability. 稳定链节之间的键必须有尽可能接近的稳定性。 来自辞典例句

2 testimony   

n.证词；见证，证明

参考例句：

• The testimony given by him is dubious.他所作的证据是可疑的。
• He was called in to bear testimony to what the police officer said.他被传入为警官所说的话作证。

3 haven   

n.安全的地方，避难所，庇护所

参考例句：

• It's a real haven at the end of a busy working day.忙碌了一整天后，这真是一个安乐窝。
• The school library is a little haven of peace and quiet.学校的图书馆是一个和平且安静的小避风港。

4 outlets   

n.出口( outlet的名词复数 )；经销店；插座；廉价经销店

参考例句：

• The dumping of foreign cotton blocked outlets for locally grown cotton. 外国棉花的倾销阻滞了当地生产的棉花的销路。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• They must find outlets for their products. 他们必须为自己的产品寻找出路。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

5 affiliates   

附属企业( affiliate的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• She affiliates with an academic society. 她是某学术团体的成员。
• For example, these security affiliates participated in the floating of 19,000,000,000 of issues in 1927. 例如，这些证券发行机构在1927年的流通证券中，就提供了一百九十亿美元的证券。

6 eradicate   

v.根除，消灭，杜绝

参考例句：

• These insects are very difficult to eradicate.这些昆虫很难根除。
• They are already battling to eradicate illnesses such as malaria and tetanus.他们已经在努力消灭疟疾、破伤风等疾病。

7 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。

8 lieutenant   

n.陆军中尉，海军上尉；代理官员，副职官员

参考例句：

• He was promoted to be a lieutenant in the army.他被提升为陆军中尉。
• He prevailed on the lieutenant to send in a short note.他说动那个副官，递上了一张简短的便条进去。

9 maples   

槭树，枫树( maple的名词复数 )； 槭木

参考例句：

• There are many maples in the park. 公园里有好多枫树。
• The wind of the autumn colour the maples carmine . 秋风给枫林涂抹胭红。

10 eradication   

n.根除

参考例句：

• The eradication of an established infestation is not easy. 根除昆虫蔓延是不容易的。
• This is often required for intelligent control and eradication. 这经常需要灵巧的控制与消除。

11 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

12 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

13 eradicating   

摧毁，完全根除( eradicate的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• Objective: To study the acute and chronic toxicity of Ten-flavor-acne eradicating-capsule. 目的：探讨复方中药合剂十味平痤胶囊的急性及慢性毒性。
• We are on the verge of eradicating polio in the world. 我们已在世界消除小儿？痹症的边缘了。

14 sanctuaries   

n.避难所( sanctuary的名词复数 )；庇护；圣所；庇护所

参考例句：

• The designation of special marine reserves and marine sanctuaries shall be subject to the State Council for approval. 海洋特别保护区、海上自然保护区的确定，须经国务院批准。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• After 1965 he acquiesced when they established sanctuaries on that soil. 1965年以后，他默认了他们在那块土地上建立庇护所。 来自辞典例句

15 tribal   

adj.部族的，种族的

参考例句：

• He became skilled in several tribal lingoes.他精通几种部族的语言。
• The country was torn apart by fierce tribal hostilities.那个国家被部落间的激烈冲突弄得四分五裂。

16 privately   

adv.以私人的身份，悄悄地，私下地

参考例句：

• Some ministers admit privately that unemployment could continue to rise.一些部长私下承认失业率可能继续升高。
• The man privately admits that his motive is profits.那人私下承认他的动机是为了牟利。

17 analyst   

n.分析家，化验员；心理分析学家

参考例句：

• What can you contribute to the position of a market analyst?你有什么技能可有助于市场分析员的职务？
• The analyst is required to interpolate values between standards.分析人员需要在这些标准中插入一些值。

18 analysts   

分析家，化验员( analyst的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• City analysts forecast huge profits this year. 伦敦金融分析家预测今年的利润非常丰厚。
• I was impressed by the high calibre of the researchers and analysts. 研究人员和分析人员的高素质给我留下了深刻印象。

19 contentious   

adj.好辩的，善争吵的

参考例句：

• She was really not of the contentious fighting sort.她委实不是好吵好闹的人。
• Since then they have tended to steer clear of contentious issues.从那时起，他们总想方设法避开有争议的问题。

20 overlapping   

adj./n.交迭（的）

参考例句：

• There is no overlapping question between the two courses. 这两门课程之间不存在重叠的问题。
• A trimetrogon strip is composed of three rows of overlapping. 三镜头摄影航线为三排重迭的象片所组成。

21 deliberately   

adv.审慎地；蓄意地；故意地

参考例句：

• The girl gave the show away deliberately.女孩故意泄露秘密。
• They deliberately shifted off the argument.他们故意回避这个论点。

22 coup   

n.政变；突然而成功的行动

参考例句：

• The monarch was ousted by a military coup.那君主被军事政变者废黜了。
• That government was overthrown in a military coup three years ago.那个政府在3年前的军事政变中被推翻。

23 tightrope   

n.绷紧的绳索或钢丝

参考例句：

• The audience held their breath as the acrobat walked along the tightrope.杂技演员走钢丝时，观众都屏住了呼吸。
• The tightrope walker kept her balance by holding up an umbrella.走钢丝的演员举着一把伞，保持身体的均衡。

24 alienating   

v.使疏远( alienate的现在分词 )；使不友好；转让；让渡（财产等）

参考例句：

• The phenomena of alienation are widespread. Sports are also alienating. 异化现象普遍存在，体育运动也不例外。 来自互联网
• How can you appeal to them without alienating the mainstream crowd? 你是怎么在不疏忽主流玩家的情况下吸引住他们呢？ 来自互联网