VOA标准英语2010年-U.N. Summit Planned on Noncommunicable

Preparations are already underway for a U.N. summit in September of next year on preventing and controlling noncommunicable diseases, such as cancer, heart and lung disease, diabetes¹ and stroke.
Noncommunicable diseases – or NCDs – claim about 35 million lives every year. The diseases account for 60 percent of deaths in all age groups.
The good news is many of those deaths can be prevented. A Global Action Plan has already been drawn² up and approved. But now resources and political will are needed to fully³ implement⁴ it. That's where the U.N. high-level meeting comes in.
Ill effects Dr. Ala Alwan, World Health Organization's Assistant Director-General for Noncommunicable Diseases and Mental Health, says besides the unnecessary loss of life, NCDs have broader effects as well.
"This has a negative impact on productivity. It has a negative impact on social economic development. There are also other reasons. They reduce family income because of illness, because of the disability they cause. They also reduce family income because of the increasing health care costs," he says.
It's what's called "catastrophic expenditure⁵" - health care costs so high that families are driven below the poverty line.
Alwan says, "These are diseases that more or less share the same risk factors. So they are caused by tobacco. They are caused by unhealthy diet. They are caused by physical inactivity. And they are also caused to a certain extent by the harmful use of alcohol. So these are the shared risk factors that cause cardiovascular disease, heart disease, stroke, a large number of cancers and also contribute to diabetes."Taking actionA global action plan on preventing and controlling noncommunicable diseases is ready to be implemented⁶.
"There is a clear global vision, which was endorsed⁷ by 193 countries. These are the countries that are members of the World Health Assembly in the year 2000. And 8 years later, in 2008, the World Health Assembly endorsed an action plan to translate the global strategy to concrete action. So, it's a 6 year action plan, which identifies exactly what countries should do to address these problems and what WHO should do and what the international partners should do," he says.
Part of the plan calls for behavior change, such as quitting smoking, exercising and eating healthier. But countries need to have environments that promote that behavior, such as passing tough anti-smoking laws.
Implementation⁸ of the action plan is not a simple matter. And Alwan says the health sector⁹ cannot do it alone.
"These are problems that can only be reduced by involvement of the non-health sector. So, industry has to be involved - sectors¹⁰ like finance, trade, education, transportation. In order to reduce the risk factors you need to involve these non-health sectors," Alwan says.
Many health-related NGOs are also involved in planning next year's U.N. summit.
Good for the economy, tooThe WHO assistant director-general the global action plan would bring economic, as well as health benefits.
"Think of the millions of millions of people with diabetes, with cancer, with heart disease, who require expensive treatment and expensive health care. So any significant difference in reducing the number of people requiring this kind of expensive health care will make a difference. But equally important is that fact that if you reduce the disability, if you reduce the morbidity¹¹, you will be able to reduce the number of people, who lose productivity," he says.
Although the high-level U.N. summit won't be held until next September, member states must soon submit a resolution to the General Assembly on the scope and goals of the summit.

1 diabetes   

n.糖尿病

参考例句：

• In case of diabetes, physicians advise against the use of sugar.对于糖尿病患者，医生告诫他们不要吃糖。
• Diabetes is caused by a fault in the insulin production of the body.糖尿病是由体內胰岛素分泌失调引起的。

2 drawn   

v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的

参考例句：

• All the characters in the story are drawn from life.故事中的所有人物都取材于生活。
• Her gaze was drawn irresistibly to the scene outside.她的目光禁不住被外面的风景所吸引。

3 fully   

adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地

参考例句：

• The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
• They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。

4 implement   

n.(pl.)工具，器具；vt.实行，实施，执行

参考例句：

• Don't undertake a project unless you can implement it.不要承担一项计划，除非你能完成这项计划。
• The best implement for digging a garden is a spade.在花园里挖土的最好工具是铁锹。

5 expenditure   

n.(时间、劳力、金钱等)支出；使用，消耗

参考例句：

• The entry of all expenditure is necessary.有必要把一切开支入账。
• The monthly expenditure of our family is four hundred dollars altogether.我们一家的开销每月共计四百元。

6 implemented   

v.实现( implement的过去式和过去分词 )；执行；贯彻；使生效

参考例句：

• This agreement, if not implemented, is a mere scrap of paper. 这个协定如不执行只不过是一纸空文。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• The economy is in danger of collapse unless far-reaching reforms are implemented. 如果不实施影响深远的改革，经济就面临崩溃的危险。 来自辞典例句

7 endorsed   

vt.& vi.endorse的过去式或过去分词形式v.赞同( endorse的过去式和过去分词 )；在（尤指支票的）背面签字；在（文件的）背面写评论；在广告上说本人使用并赞同某产品

参考例句：

• The committee endorsed an initiative by the chairman to enter discussion about a possible merger. 委员会通过了主席提出的新方案，开始就可能进行的并购进行讨论。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The government has broadly endorsed a research paper proposing new educational targets for 14-year-olds. 政府基本上支持建议对14 岁少年实行新教育目标的研究报告。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 implementation   

n.实施，贯彻

参考例句：

• Implementation of the program is now well underway.这一项目的实施现在行情看好。

9 sector   

n.部门，部分；防御地段，防区；扇形

参考例句：

• The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
• The enemy have attacked the British sector.敌人已进攻英国防区。

10 sectors   

n.部门( sector的名词复数 )；领域；防御地区；扇形

参考例句：

• Berlin was divided into four sectors after the war. 战后柏林分成了4 个区。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Industry and agriculture are the two important sectors of the national economy. 工业和农业是国民经济的两个重要部门。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

11 morbidity   

n.病态；不健全；发病；发病率

参考例句：

• MC's also significantly reduce the morbidity and mortality induced by honeybee venom. 肥大细胞同样也能显著降低蜜蜂毒液诱发疾病的发病率和死亡率。 来自互联网
• The result shows that incidence of myopia morbidity is 44.84%. 结果表明：近视眼的发病率为44.84%。 来自互联网