VOA标准英语2010年-As Cholera Spreads in Haiti, Authoriti

International aid groups are trying to stop the the spread of cholera¹ in Haiti's capital Port-au-Prince, where many earthquake survivors² live in makeshift camps and filthy³ slums. Cholera strikes so fast it is sometimes called the lightening disease. Without rehydration therapy, or antibiotics⁴ for severe cases, cholera can kill in a matter of hours. The disease causes acute diarrhea that can lead to severe dehydration⁵.
Most of the more than one million Haitians displaced by a powerful earthquake last January live in tent cities around the capital, and waterborne cholera bacteria spread easily in unsanitary conditions where supplies are shared for cooking and washing. But unsanitary conditions in Haiti are not limited to these camps.
"Before this, Port-au-Prince for the most part, was a large urban slum with very poor water and sanitation⁶ conditions," noted⁷ Dr. Jon Andrus of the Pan American Health Organization, an arm of the World Health Organization. "This is ripe for the rapid spread of cholera. We expect transmission to be extensive."Haiti's minister of health is calling the epidemic⁸ a national emergency. Nearly 10,000 people have been hospitalized since the outbreak began late last month.
Dr. Andrus says based on projections⁹ from an outbreak in Peru, some 270,000 people in Haiti may contract cholera. As the disease spreads in this initial outbreak, health care will be a challenge. "I think the capacity to deal with the patients has been stretched but sufficient," he said. "We expect that patients will be treated in tents outside the walls [of hospitals]. That's something we are prepared to do." Because cholera is spread through fecal contamination, poor hygiene¹⁰ and lack of sanitation, Dr. Andrus says the Pan American Health Organization has started a campaign to teach people about good hygiene.
"We've deployed¹¹ communication experts that are working on community messages in the local Creole language to ensure that families receive such messages and understand them and it gets translated into behavior," Dr. Andrusexplained.
After the initial outbreak is under control, health officials will have to do some long-term planning. "The bacteria has a foothold in the river system and in other sources of water and it will remain," he noted, "and it will be a challenge to control future spread." One of the ways to keep cholera from spreading is to upgrade the sanitation system in Haiti.

1 cholera   

n.霍乱

参考例句：

• The cholera outbreak has been contained.霍乱的发生已被控制住了。
• Cholera spread like wildfire through the camps.霍乱在营地里迅速传播。

2 survivors   

幸存者，残存者，生还者( survivor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The survivors were adrift in a lifeboat for six days. 幸存者在救生艇上漂流了六天。
• survivors clinging to a raft 紧紧抓住救生筏的幸存者

3 filthy   

adj.卑劣的；恶劣的，肮脏的

参考例句：

• The whole river has been fouled up with filthy waste from factories.整条河都被工厂的污秽废物污染了。
• You really should throw out that filthy old sofa and get a new one.你真的应该扔掉那张肮脏的旧沙发，然后再去买张新的。

4 antibiotics   

n.（用作复数）抗生素；（用作单数）抗生物质的研究；抗生素，抗菌素( antibiotic的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• the discovery of antibiotics in the 20th century 20世纪抗生素的发现
• The doctor gave me a prescription for antibiotics. 医生给我开了抗生素。

5 dehydration   

n.脱水，干燥

参考例句：

• He died from severe dehydration.他死于严重脱水。
• The eyes are often retracted from dehydration.眼睛常因脱水而凹陷。

6 sanitation   

n.公共卫生，环境卫生，卫生设备

参考例句：

• The location is exceptionally poor,viewed from the sanitation point.从卫生角度来看，这个地段非常糟糕。
• Many illnesses are the result,f inadequate sanitation.许多疾病都来源于不健全的卫生设施。

7 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

8 epidemic   

n.流行病；盛行；adj.流行性的，流传极广的

参考例句：

• That kind of epidemic disease has long been stamped out.那种传染病早已绝迹。
• The authorities tried to localise the epidemic.当局试图把流行病限制在局部范围。

9 projections   

预测( projection的名词复数 )； 投影； 投掷； 突起物

参考例句：

• Their sales projections are a total thumbsuck. 他们的销售量预测纯属估计。
• The council has revised its projections of funding requirements upwards. 地方议会调高了对资金需求的预测。

10 hygiene   

n.健康法，卫生学 （a.hygienic）

参考例句：

• Their course of study includes elementary hygiene and medical theory.他们的课程包括基础卫生学和医疗知识。
• He's going to give us a lecture on public hygiene.他要给我们作关于公共卫生方面的报告。

11 deployed   

（尤指军事行动）使展开( deploy的过去式和过去分词 )； 施展； 部署； 有效地利用

参考例句：

• Tanks have been deployed all along the front line. 沿整个前线已部署了坦克。
• The artillery was deployed to bear on the fort. 火炮是对着那个碉堡部署的。