VOA标准英语2011--Spraying Insecticide Indoors Reduces Spr

Spraying Insecticide Indoors Reduces Spread of Malaria¹

Researchers in West Africa have shown that spraying insecticide indoors can dramatically reduce malaria transmission.
Efforts to develop a malaria vaccine² have so far been disappointing, so programs to control the disease have focused on preventing transmission of the parasite³. Insecticide-treated bed nets can prevent mosquito bites that spread the disease, but getting people to use them, and use them properly, is not always easy.
The fight against malaria has two main targets: the falciparum parasite itself, and the anopheles mosquito that carries the parasite from infected person to new victim.
Insecticides target the mosquito, but over time the insects develop resistance to the chemicals that kill them. That has been happening with current mosquito-killers, including chemicals known as pyrethroids.
Researcher Gil Germain Padonou and colleagues at the Centre de Recherche⁴ Entomologique de Cotonou in Benin tested another insecticide called bendiocarb with indoor spraying at test sites throughout Benin.
In households sprayed with bendiocarb, there were fewer mosquito bites. More importantly, none of the 350,000 people who lived there got malaria-infected mosquito bites during the test.
"And this is what this bendiocarb is all about, showing that it's efficacious - at least in this setting in Benin, in a real, live field setting" said Peter J. Hotez, who heads the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene⁵, which published the research. "So it provides a potentially good alternative where there's been high development of resistance to pyrethroids."
Hotez says this demonstration⁶ of the effectiveness of bendiocarb doesn't mean that all malaria programs should adopt that particular chemical for spraying, or that indoor spraying should be the only strategy.
"When we think about a large-scale goal to take on malaria, it's not an either-or situation. We're going to have to throw multiple things out there in order to see what the optimal⁷ combination is to achieve control," said Hotez.
Bendiocarb is a widely used insecticide that is considered relatively⁸ safe when used properly. It has not been shown to be carcinogenic and is excreted rapidly by humans and other mammals. It is widely used for insect control against a wide variety of pests.

1 malaria   

n.疟疾

参考例句：

• He had frequent attacks of malaria.他常患疟疾。
• Malaria is a kind of serious malady.疟疾是一种严重的疾病。

2 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

3 parasite   

n.寄生虫；寄生菌；食客

参考例句：

• The lazy man was a parasite on his family.那懒汉是家里的寄生虫。
• I don't want to be a parasite.I must earn my own way in life.我不想做寄生虫，我要自己养活自己。

4 recherche   

adj.精选的；罕有的

参考例句：

• Applicants should have good PC skills with common office software,email and internet recherche.在办公软件、电子邮件、网络检索等个人电脑应用方面，申请人应具备良好的操作技能。
• The restaurant prides itself on its recherche menu.饭店以其精美的菜单自豪。

5 hygiene   

n.健康法，卫生学 （a.hygienic）

参考例句：

• Their course of study includes elementary hygiene and medical theory.他们的课程包括基础卫生学和医疗知识。
• He's going to give us a lecture on public hygiene.他要给我们作关于公共卫生方面的报告。

6 demonstration   

n.表明，示范，论证，示威

参考例句：

• His new book is a demonstration of his patriotism.他写的新书是他的爱国精神的证明。
• He gave a demonstration of the new technique then and there.他当场表演了这种新的操作方法。

7 optimal   

adj.最适宜的；最理想的；最令人满意的

参考例句：

• What is the optimal mix of private and public property rights in natural resources?私人和国家的自然资源产权的最适宜的组合是什么？
• Optimal path planning is a key link for the sailing contest.帆船最优行驶路径规划是帆船比赛取胜的关键环节。

8 relatively   

adv.比较...地，相对地

参考例句：

• The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
• The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。