VOA标准英语2011--Terrorism Fears Prompt Call for Restrictions on Publishing Virus Research

Terrorism Fears Prompt Call for Restrictions¹ on Publishing Virus Research

 

美国政府要求两期刊不公开H5N1病毒研究细节

The U.S. government has asked two scientific journals not to publish key details of a federally-funded experiment that created new, more infectious strains of a deadly bird flu virus. Government biosecurity advisers² have raised concerns that some of this information could be used by terrorists. The scientific community is debating how to balance the free flow of research data with national security.

H5N1 is the name of a bird flu virus that's commonly found infecting poultry³ flocks in Southeast Asia, but one that has rarely infected humans. But when it has, the bird flu has proved to be a highly infectious and potent⁴ disease, that is fatal 60 percent of the time.

H5N1是一种禽流感的名称,该病毒禽流感通常在东南亚的家禽感染中屡见不鲜,但很少感染人类。但这种禽流感病毒已经被证明是一种高传染性且强有力的疾病,60%将是致命的。

But in a unique biomedical experiment, scientists at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, and the Erasmus University Medical Center in the Netherlands, engineered a strain of H5N1 that spreads more easily between mammals than the original strain - which means that some variants⁵ can also be more contagious⁶ to humans.

但在麦迪逊威斯康辛大学及荷兰伊拉斯莫大学的医学中心一次独特的生物医学实验中,科学家们研究出H5N1的一系列病毒在哺乳动物之间反而更容易,这意味着一些变体也会传染给人类。

It was this possibility that concerned the government's biosecurity advisers.

正是这种可能性使政府的生物安全顾问高度关注。

The U.S.-based journal Science and the British journal Nature were asked by the government not to publish certain details of the experiment's methodology because that data could be used by terrorists to create a biological weapon.

美国《科学》杂志和英国《自然》两家期刊杂志被政府要求不公开实验方法的某些细节,因为这些数据可能被恐怖分子利用制造生物武器。

An Indonesian man helps health officials cull7 poultry in the village where a 14-year-old boy died of bird flu Thursday Jan. 11, 2007.

The research was funded by the U.S. government. Dr. Anthony Fauci, Director of the National Institute of Allergy⁸ and Infectious Diseases says the research was funded because the virus is a legitimate⁹ public health concern.

这项研究是由美国政府资助。国家敏感性传染病科研院的主任安东尼•弗奇表示资助此项研究是因为这种病毒关乎着公共健康问题。

But Dr. Fauci believes the government also has a responsibility to oversee¹⁰ the results of such experiments.

但是弗奇博士相信,政府也有责任监控实验的结果。

“You have to strike a delicate balance between making information available for those who have a need to know for the good of public health, as well as not making it so freely available that anyone - even people without a legitimate need to know - can have access to it,” Fauici said.

“你必须找到这些信息一种极其微妙的平衡,对于为了公共健康问题那些需要知道的人固然可以了解；而对于那些意图用于不法目的的人,则必须要设防。” 弗奇说道。

The editor in chief of the journal Science, Dr. Bruce Alberts, says this is an important moment in the history of scientific publishing. He says this research and how Science and the British journal Nature decide to publish it will set a precedent¹¹ for future publications.

《科学》杂志主编布鲁斯•阿尔伯特博士表示这是科学出版历史一个非常重要的时刻。他表示《科学》和英国的《自然》杂志如何决定出版这一项研究的详细报道将为未来的出版物开创一次先例。

It is likely, Dr. Alberts says, that given the prevailing¹² threat of terrorism, barriers to free access to scientific data will recur¹³ in the future.

阿尔伯特博士表示很有可能,倘若现行的恐怖主义一直存在威胁,科学数据进入自由壁垒将会在未来重新上演。

“We will publish the version that is appropriate but missing some key information. We have been delaying publishing - we are working with our authors to make sure that at the time of publication we could also announce a mechanism¹⁴ - that will ensure scientists anywhere with a need to know - they will have appropriate opportunity to get the information that they might need,” Alberts said.

“我们将发布的版本将是非常合适的,但删掉了一些关键信息。我们一直拖延出版——我们与作者们一起确保在的出版时间我们也会宣布一项机制,这将确保任何需要知道科学家——他们会有适当的机会知道自己可能需要的信息,”阿尔伯特博士说道。

The H5N1 study goes on to show that it is much easier to evolve this virus into a state where it can be transmitted through the air by coughing or sneezing, which could lead to a severe pandemic.

研究证实很容易对一个国家投放H5N1病毒,而该病毒可以通过咳嗽或打喷嚏在空气传播,这可能会引发严重的流行病。

Dr. Alberts says that is why the U.S. government funded the research in the first place. Scientists want to understand the virus in its deadliest form so that they can start working on drugs and vaccines¹⁵ against H5N1, to prevent a worldwide pandemic.

阿尔伯特博士说道这就是为什么美国政府将资助这项研究放在首位。科学家们想要深入了解迄今为止最致命的病毒,以便他们可以开始工作,制造H5N1病毒的疫苗药物,以防止一个世界流行病的发生。

But critics say the limits placed on the publication of the research raise legitimate concerns about who should have access to that knowledge. Paul Roepe, Co-Director of the Center for Infectious Diseases, says viruses always mutate. Sooner or later, he believes, virologists all over the world would be able to figure out the H5N1 mutation¹⁶.

但是,批评人士表示法律担忧,因为这些出版物中对于研究的条条框框将限制想获得知识的人们。传染病中心的主任保罗•罗普表示病毒总是变异。无论或早或晚,他相信世界各地的病毒学家都能够找出H5N1变异。

“Not as fast as these folk have done it, but that doesn’t mean that people in other laboratories -- even laboratories in countries that ...are not terribly friendly...will not able to do this,” Roepe said.

“不管这些科学家能不能够提早发现,但这并不意味着在其他实验室的人们——甚至不是非常友好的实验室…就发现不出来。”罗普说道。

The controversy¹⁷ over the new strains of the H5N1 virus -- which are being stored in secure labs in the U.S. and Europe -- has also raised concern about the possibility that the new virus might escape, or be stolen, prompting calls for more secure research facilities.

被储存在美国和欧洲的安全实验室新型H5N1型禽流感病毒引发争论已经上升到有可能逃跑或者被偷走的阶段，因此提供更安全的研究设施的呼声更为强烈。

1 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

2 advisers   

顾问，劝告者( adviser的名词复数 )； （指导大学新生学科问题等的）指导教授

参考例句：

• a member of the President's favoured circle of advisers 总统宠爱的顾问班子中的一员
• She withdrew to confer with her advisers before announcing a decision. 她先去请教顾问然后再宣布决定。

3 poultry   

n.家禽，禽肉

参考例句：

• There is not much poultry in the shops. 商店里禽肉不太多。
• What do you feed the poultry on? 你们用什么饲料喂养家禽?

4 potent   

adj.强有力的，有权势的；有效力的

参考例句：

• The medicine had a potent effect on your disease.这药物对你的病疗效很大。
• We must account of his potent influence.我们必须考虑他的强有力的影响。

5 variants   

n.变体( variant的名词复数 )；变种；变型；（词等的）变体

参考例句：

• Those variants will be preserved in the'struggle for existence". 这些变异将在“生存竞争”中被保留下来。 来自辞典例句
• Like organisms, viruses have variants, generally called strains. 与其他生物一样，病毒也有变种，一般称之为株系。 来自辞典例句

6 contagious   

adj.传染性的，有感染力的

参考例句：

• It's a highly contagious infection.这种病极易传染。
• He's got a contagious laugh.他的笑富有感染力。

7 cull   

v.拣选；剔除；n.拣出的东西；剔除

参考例句：

• It is usually good practice to cull the poorest prior to field planting.通常在实践上的好方法是在出圃栽植前挑出最弱的苗木。
• Laura was passing around photographs she'd culled from the albums at home.劳拉正在分发她从家里相册中挑选出的相片。

8 allergy   

n.(因食物、药物等而引起的)过敏症

参考例句：

• He developed an allergy to pollen.他对花粉过敏。
• The patient had an allergy to penicillin.该患者对青霉素过敏。

9 legitimate   

adj.合法的，合理的，合乎逻辑的；v.使合法

参考例句：

• Sickness is a legitimate reason for asking for leave.生病是请假的一个正当的理由。
• That's a perfectly legitimate fear.怀有这种恐惧完全在情理之中。

10 oversee   

vt.监督，管理

参考例句：

• Soldiers oversee the food handouts.士兵们看管着救济食品。
• Use a surveyor or architect to oversee and inspect the different stages of the work.请一位房产检视员或建筑师来监督并检查不同阶段的工作。

11 precedent   

n.先例，前例；惯例；adj.在前的，在先的

参考例句：

• Is there a precedent for what you want me to do?你要我做的事有前例可援吗？
• This is a wonderful achievement without precedent in Chinese history.这是中国历史上亘古未有的奇绩。

12 prevailing   

adj.盛行的；占优势的；主要的

参考例句：

• She wears a fashionable hair style prevailing in the city.她的发型是这个城市流行的款式。
• This reflects attitudes and values prevailing in society.这反映了社会上盛行的态度和价值观。

13 recur   

vi.复发，重现，再发生

参考例句：

• Economic crises recur periodically.经济危机周期性地发生。
• Of course,many problems recur at various periods.当然，有许多问题会在不同的时期反复提出。

14 mechanism   

n.机械装置；机构，结构

参考例句：

• The bones and muscles are parts of the mechanism of the body.骨骼和肌肉是人体的组成部件。
• The mechanism of the machine is very complicated.这台机器的结构是非常复杂的。

15 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。

16 mutation   

n.变化，变异，转变

参考例句：

• People who have this mutation need less sleep than others.有这种突变的人需要的睡眠比其他人少。
• So far the discussion has centered entirely around mutation in the strict sense.到目前为止，严格来讲，讨论完全集中于围绕突变问题上。

17 controversy   

n.争论，辩论，争吵

参考例句：

• That is a fact beyond controversy.那是一个无可争论的事实。
• We ran the risk of becoming the butt of every controversy.我们要冒使自己在所有的纷争中都成为众矢之的的风险。