VOA常速英语2013--意识形态和暴力阻止巴基斯坦根除脊髓灰质炎

 

Ideology¹, Violence Prevent Polio Eradication² in Pakistan 意识形态和暴力阻止巴基斯坦根除脊髓灰质炎

ISLAMABAD — Pakistan is one of three countries left in the world where polio remains³ endemic, the other two being neighboring Afghanistan, and Nigeria. In Islamabad, with the help of the international community, the number of polio cases in Pakistan has dropped from 25,000 16 years ago, to just over 40 cases this year. But a Taliban ban on vaccinations⁴ and attacks on health workers mean that the highly infectious disease continues to spread.

伊斯兰堡——巴基斯坦是剩下的小儿麻痹症仍然流行的三个国家之一，其它两个是阿富汗和尼日利亚。在伊斯兰堡，在国际社会的帮助下，巴基斯坦的脊髓灰质炎病例数已从16年前的25,000下降到，今年刚刚超过40例。但塔利班禁止接种疫苗和对卫生工作者的攻击，意味着让这种传染性很强的疾病继续蔓延。

Crippled by polio when he was just six months old, Hasmatullah Niazi does not blame his mother. She was just 16 when he was born and did not know about the virus.

Now, health teams go door to door to educate the public and try to vaccinate⁵ all children against the crippling virus.

现在，卫生队挨家挨户要教育市民，并尝试给所有儿童接种脊髓灰质炎疫苗，应对这种导致瘫痪的病毒。 

But Taliban attacks, stretching from Peshawar in the north to Karachi in the south, have killed dozens of health workers and their police escorts.

但塔利班的袭击，从白沙瓦伸展到了卡拉奇的南部北部，杀害了数十名医务工作者和护送他们的警察。

As a result, some 260,000 children are still not vaccinated⁶ and the virus is spreading once again. Per Engebak, Polio Team Leader for UNICEF in Pakistan, said the security issue is preventing eradication. “If you have pockets in the country where you have the so-called reservoirs of the polio virus where they are in circulation in the sewage water or in the environment, these are transmission sites - into other parts of the country, and if you have contact, you will have transmission,” he noted⁷.

其结果是，大约260,000名儿童仍处于未接种疫苗和病毒可能再次蔓延。在巴基斯坦的儿童基金会的脊髓灰质炎小组组长Per Engebak说，安全问题阻碍了根除脊髓灰质炎的行动。“如果您所在的国家有所谓的水库，脊髓灰质炎病毒可能存在循环的排污水或环境中，这些都是病毒的传输地点 - 到其它地区或者国家。”

For polio victim Niazi, the extremists' stance against vaccinations is tragic⁸.

对脊髓灰质炎的受害者尼亚兹（Niazi）来说，极端分子反对接种疫苗的立场，是个悲剧。

“I think they are committing a crime, they are committing injustice⁹ to their children," accused Niazi, "God forbid if they are victim of polio, their own life will be like in hell, the life of the kids must be, but their own life."

“我认为他们犯了罪，对他们自己的孩子也不公正”，尼亚兹指责道，“上帝保佑，如果他们是脊髓灰质炎的受害者，自己的生活会像在地狱中。”

Taliban militants¹⁰ say immunizations are part of a Western anti-Muslim plot. The government is working with community and religious leaders to fight back against that belief.

塔利班武装分子说，接种疫苗是西方反穆斯林的阴谋的一部分。政府正在与社区和宗教领袖反击这种信念。 

Altaf Bosun of the Prime Minister’s polio eradication unit said the lack of accessibility into what he calls “problematic” areas has led to fresh outbreaks. “There is one choice - now I think there is no choice: polio eradication in Pakistan is must now," he said. "If anybody is deliberately¹¹ sabotaging¹² this one, then he or she is the enemy of the country, I can say this straightforward¹³. We must be one against the polio eradication.”

根除脊髓灰质炎行动的阿尔塔夫.博斯说，很难进入所说的“问题”区域导致新的脊髓灰质炎爆发。“有一个选择 - 现在，我想是没有选择：巴基斯坦的根除脊髓灰质炎现在是必须的，”他说，“如果有人故意破坏，那么他或她是国家的敌人。我们必须根除脊髓灰质炎。”

For Niazi, whose muscles are getting weaker every day, it seems so obvious: if there is a remedy to the disease, use it. 

对于尼亚兹来说，每天，脊髓灰质炎让他的肌肉越来越弱，很明显的是：是否能有一种治疗疾病的方法？

1 ideology   

n.意识形态，(政治或社会的)思想意识

参考例句：

• The ideology has great influence in the world.这种思想体系在世界上有很大的影响。
• The ideal is to strike a medium between ideology and inspiration.我的理想是在意识思想和灵感鼓动之间找到一个折衷。

2 eradication   

n.根除

参考例句：

• The eradication of an established infestation is not easy. 根除昆虫蔓延是不容易的。
• This is often required for intelligent control and eradication. 这经常需要灵巧的控制与消除。

3 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

4 vaccinations   

n.种痘，接种( vaccination的名词复数 )；牛痘疤

参考例句：

• Vaccinations ensure one against diseases. 接种疫苗可以预防疾病。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• I read some publicity about vaccinations while waiting my turn at the doctor's. 在医生那儿候诊时，我读了一些关于接种疫苗的宣传。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 vaccinate   

vt.给…接种疫苗；种牛痘

参考例句：

• Local health officials then can plan the best times to vaccinate people.这样，当地的卫生官员就可以安排最佳时间给人们接种疫苗。
• Doctors vaccinate us so that we do not catch smallpox.医生给我们打预防针使我们不会得天花。

6 vaccinated   

[医]已接种的，种痘的，接种过疫菌的

参考例句：

• I was vaccinated against tetanus. 我接种了破伤风疫苗。
• Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child? 你小时候打过天花疫苗吗？

7 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

8 tragic   

adj.悲剧的，悲剧性的，悲惨的

参考例句：

• The effect of the pollution on the beaches is absolutely tragic.污染海滩后果可悲。
• Charles was a man doomed to tragic issues.查理是个注定不得善终的人。

9 injustice   

n.非正义，不公正，不公平，侵犯（别人的）权利

参考例句：

• They complained of injustice in the way they had been treated.他们抱怨受到不公平的对待。
• All his life he has been struggling against injustice.他一生都在与不公正现象作斗争。

10 militants   

激进分子，好斗分子( militant的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The militants have been sporadically fighting the government for years. 几年来，反叛分子一直对政府实施零星的战斗。
• Despite the onslaught, Palestinian militants managed to fire off rockets. 尽管如此，巴勒斯坦的激进分子仍然发射导弹。

11 deliberately   

adv.审慎地；蓄意地；故意地

参考例句：

• The girl gave the show away deliberately.女孩故意泄露秘密。
• They deliberately shifted off the argument.他们故意回避这个论点。

12 sabotaging   

阴谋破坏（某事物）( sabotage的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• Mr Smith fiercely denied any question of sabotaging the talks. 史密斯先生坚决拒绝任何企图阻挠谈话的提问。
• Failed in sabotaging APEC summit in Sydney of Australia. 澳大利亚悉尼APEC会议遭遇惨败。

13 straightforward   

adj.正直的，坦率的；易懂的，简单的

参考例句：

• A straightforward talk is better than a flowery speech.巧言不如直说。
• I must insist on your giving me a straightforward answer.我一定要你给我一个直截了当的回答。