埃博拉与孕产妇死亡率的关系

埃博拉与孕产妇死亡率的关系

The World Bank warns the Ebola deaths of hundreds of healthcare workers could cause maternal¹ mortality rates to soar in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone. The disease has killed health workers at a higher rate than any other population group.

世界银行警告称，数百名医疗工作者因埃博拉而死亡的后果可能会导致几内亚、利比里亚和塞拉利昂的产妇死亡率飙升，与任何其他人群相比，该疾病导致的医疗工作者死亡率最高。

A World Bank report says maternal deaths could reach levels not seen in the Ebola-affected countries in 15 or 20 years. Rates could increase by 38 percent in Guinea, 74 percent in Sierra Leone and 111 percent in Liberia.

世界银行的一份报告称，在受埃博拉影响的国家，孕产妇死亡可能会达到15到20年来从未有过的水平。几内亚的死亡率可能会增加38%，塞拉利昂增加74%，利比里亚增加111%。

Senior Economist² and co-author of the report David Evans reacted to those figures.

高级经济学家兼这篇报告的联合撰稿人戴维·伊万斯对这一数字发表看法。

“What this adds up to is between both mothers and children about 25,000 lost lives per year.”

“这就导致每年有大约2.5万名妇女和额额同死亡。”

That could happen, he said, because Ebola has taken such a toll³ on health workers.

他说之所以如此，是因为埃博拉对医疗工作者造成这么大的损失。

“The Ebola epidemic⁴ has had a dramatically disproportionate impact on health workers in these three countries: Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea. For example, in Sierra Leone, health workers have been 50 times more likely to contract Ebola than the rest of the population. And the numbers are similar in the other two countries,” he said.

“埃博拉疫情对塞拉利昂、利比里亚和几内亚这三个国家的医疗工作者影响相当大，比如在塞拉利昂，与其他人群相比，医疗工作者接触埃博拉的几率要高出50倍，在另外两个国家，这个数字都差不多。”

Evans said the three countries were already fragile before Ebola struck because they had “an incredibly limited health care force.”

伊万斯说这三个国家在埃博拉爆发之前就很脆弱了，因为这些国家“医疗工作者队伍规模很有限”。

“Before the Ebola epidemic, Sierra Leone was fifth from the bottom globally in terms of doctors per capita. Liberia was second from the bottom. And Guinea was 28th, which is a little better, but still not a very strong health workforce⁵. So, you start from that and then you take away between five and ten percent of the healthcare workforce,” he said.

“在埃博拉疫情爆发之前，塞拉利昂的人均医生数量全球排名倒数第五，利比里亚倒数第二，几内亚排名第28，比前两个国家要好些，但其医疗队伍仍不够强大。所以在这样糟糕的基础上，埃博拉夺走了5%到10%的医疗工作者的性命。”

Liberia, for example, lost 10 percent of its doctors. It only had 51 prior to the outbreak.

比如，利比里亚损失了10%的医生，而疫情爆发之前只有51名医生。

Many have raised concerns that during the Ebola epidemic children did not receive measles⁶ vaccinations⁷, malaria⁸ and HIV/AIDS patients failed to get treatment and testing for HIV plummeted⁹.

很多人担心在埃博拉疫情期间，儿童没有得到麻疹疫苗，疟疾和艾滋病毒、艾滋病患者未能得到治疗，对艾滋病毒的检验也急剧减少。

Evans said, “One thing that we noticed is that nobody was really focusing on, specifically, this loss of health workers, which actually has a whole range of effects, including the most fundamental outcomes in the health sector¹⁰, like maternal and infant mortality.”

“我们注意到的一件事是，没有人真正关心医疗工作者损失一事，而事实上这导致了一系列问题，包括医疗领域一些最基本的问题，比如产妇和新生儿死亡。”

But The World Bank report – Healthcare Worker Mortality and the Legacy¹¹ of the Ebola Epidemic – said all is not lost. Evans said something can be done immediately to keep things from getting worse.

但世界银行的报告《医疗工作者死亡和埃博拉疫情影响》称还有一线生机，伊万斯称可以立即采取一些措施来阻止情况变得更糟。

“In the immediate¹² run, we need to make sure that there are plenty of health workers right now that are available. And so one of the solutions to that, which the World Bank and a number of other international partners – the U.N., the African Union – have been supporting [is] the recruitment, training and deployment¹³ of foreign health workers to communities in need in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone. So, about 1,300 have been deployed¹⁴ so far. So, in the short run, this is crucial.”

“就当下来说，我们需要确保能有大量的医疗工作者，因此其中一个解决办法，就是世界银行和多个国际合作者，包括联合国和非盟对招募、培训外国医疗人员的支持，并把他们派遣到几内亚、利比里亚和塞拉利昂需要他们的社区。到目前为止已经派遣了大约1300人，所以从短期来看，这一点很关键。”

The senior economist said, however, a long-term solution is a necessity.

然而，这位资深经济学家说，长期的解决方案仍是必要的。

“It means investing in the local healthcare infrastructure¹⁵, making sure that doctors, nurses, midwives and community health workers are trained and that they have the protection that they need to do their jobs safely. And that they have the pay that they need so that they’re willing to stay in country. There are a lot of local professionals who want to serve their home population if they can do so in reasonable conditions and with some level of reasonable remuneration,” he said.

“这意味着投资于当地医疗基础设施，确保医生、护士、助产士和社区医疗人员得到培训，并得到所需的保护以确保安全工作，得到应得的报酬以确保他们愿意留在这个国家。有很多当地专业人员愿意服务于本国人民，前提是他们能在合适的环境下工作，并得到合适的报酬。”

The World Bank report said to reach 80 percent health coverage¹⁶ -- included in the Millennium¹⁷ Development Goals --more than 43,000 doctors, nurses and midwives would need to be hired across Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone.

世界银行的这份报告称，要实现千年发展目标中80%的医疗覆盖目标，整个几内亚、利比里亚和塞拉利昂需要雇佣超过4.3万名医生、护士和助产士。

 

The World Bank Study was published in The Lancet Global Health.

世界银行的这份研究发表在《柳叶刀全球健康》期刊上。

1 maternal   

adj.母亲的，母亲般的，母系的，母方的

参考例句：

• He is my maternal uncle.他是我舅舅。
• The sight of the hopeless little boy aroused her maternal instincts.那个绝望的小男孩的模样唤起了她的母性。

2 economist   

n.经济学家，经济专家，节俭的人

参考例句：

• He cast a professional economist's eyes on the problem.他以经济学行家的眼光审视这个问题。
• He's an economist who thinks he knows all the answers.他是个经济学家，自以为什么都懂。

3 toll   

n.过路(桥)费；损失，伤亡人数；v.敲(钟)

参考例句：

• The hailstone took a heavy toll of the crops in our village last night.昨晚那场冰雹损坏了我们村的庄稼。
• The war took a heavy toll of human life.这次战争夺去了许多人的生命。

4 epidemic   

n.流行病；盛行；adj.流行性的，流传极广的

参考例句：

• That kind of epidemic disease has long been stamped out.那种传染病早已绝迹。
• The authorities tried to localise the epidemic.当局试图把流行病限制在局部范围。

5 workforce   

n.劳动大军，劳动力

参考例句：

• A large part of the workforce is employed in agriculture.劳动人口中一大部分受雇于农业。
• A quarter of the local workforce is unemployed.本地劳动力中有四分之一失业。

6 measles   

n.麻疹，风疹，包虫病，痧子

参考例句：

• The doctor is quite definite about Tom having measles.医生十分肯定汤姆得了麻疹。
• The doctor told her to watch out for symptoms of measles.医生叫她注意麻疹出现的症状。

7 vaccinations   

n.种痘，接种( vaccination的名词复数 )；牛痘疤

参考例句：

• Vaccinations ensure one against diseases. 接种疫苗可以预防疾病。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• I read some publicity about vaccinations while waiting my turn at the doctor's. 在医生那儿候诊时，我读了一些关于接种疫苗的宣传。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 malaria   

n.疟疾

参考例句：

• He had frequent attacks of malaria.他常患疟疾。
• Malaria is a kind of serious malady.疟疾是一种严重的疾病。

9 plummeted   

v.垂直落下，骤然跌落( plummet的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Share prices plummeted to an all-time low. 股票价格暴跌到历史最低点。
• A plane plummeted to earth. 一架飞机一头栽向地面。 来自《简明英汉词典》

10 sector   

n.部门，部分；防御地段，防区；扇形

参考例句：

• The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
• The enemy have attacked the British sector.敌人已进攻英国防区。

11 legacy   

n.遗产，遗赠；先人(或过去)留下的东西

参考例句：

• They are the most precious cultural legacy our forefathers left.它们是我们祖先留下来的最宝贵的文化遗产。
• He thinks the legacy is a gift from the Gods.他认为这笔遗产是天赐之物。

12 immediate   

adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的

参考例句：

• His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
• We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。

13 deployment   

n. 部署,展开

参考例句：

• He has inquired out the deployment of the enemy troops. 他已查出敌军的兵力部署情况。
• Quality function deployment (QFD) is a widely used customer-driven quality, design and manufacturing management tool. 质量功能展开(quality function deployment,QFD)是一个广泛应用的顾客需求驱动的设计、制造和质量管理工具。

14 deployed   

（尤指军事行动）使展开( deploy的过去式和过去分词 )； 施展； 部署； 有效地利用

参考例句：

• Tanks have been deployed all along the front line. 沿整个前线已部署了坦克。
• The artillery was deployed to bear on the fort. 火炮是对着那个碉堡部署的。

15 infrastructure   

n.下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施

参考例句：

• We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
• We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。

16 coverage   

n.报导，保险范围，保险额，范围，覆盖

参考例句：

• There's little coverage of foreign news in the newspaper.报纸上几乎没有国外新闻报道。
• This is an insurance policy with extensive coverage.这是一项承保范围广泛的保险。

17 millennium   

n.一千年，千禧年；太平盛世

参考例句：

• The whole world was counting down to the new millennium.全世界都在倒计时迎接新千年的到来。
• We waited as the clock ticked away the last few seconds of the old millennium.我们静候着时钟滴答走过千年的最后几秒钟。