VO常速英语2015--英国启用颇具争议举措打击极端主义

Britain Makes Controversial Move to Crack Down on Extremism 英国启用颇具争议举措打击极端主义

LONDON—

Britain is moving to tighten¹ controls on extremist rhetoric², even when it does not incite³ violence or hatred⁴ - a move that some are concerned might unduly⁵ restrict basic freedoms.

It is an issue many countries are grappling with as extremist groups gain power in the Middle East, fueled in part by donations and fighters from the West.

Britain’s Home Secretary announced plans for the legislation, which had been promised if the Conservative Party won the recent election. The new government included it in the annual Queen’s Speech, laying out its official program.

英国内政大臣已承诺如果保守党赢得最近的大选将宣布新的立法计划。新政府在一年一度的女王讲话时宣布了这一内容，提出了官方举措。

“Measures will also be brought forward to promote social cohesion⁶ and protect people by tackling extremism,” said Queen Elizabeth II.

“措施将促进社会凝聚力并通过打击应对极端主义保护人民。”

Stopping extremism

The government wants stronger regulatory powers over charities and religious institutions to ensure they are not involved in promoting extremism. It also wants the ability to ban individuals from expressing extremist views.

政府希望加强在慈善和宗教机构上的监管权力以确保其没有涉足促进极端主义。同时也希望禁止个人表达极端观点的能力。

Up to a point, radicalism⁷ expert Hannah Stuart of the Henry Jackson Society welcomes the effort to be tougher on extremist groups, even when they are not directly connected to violence.

在一定程度上, 亨利杰克逊社会网的激进主义专家汉娜·斯图尔特表示即使不是直接同暴力流血事件相关，也支持努力应对极端组织的举措。

“Where extremism is allowed to flourish, we see the diminishing of individual rights, but also of group rights, and it’s usually, sadly, minority rights," she said. "So it’s usually Muslims, themselves, who are the first victims.”

“极端主义在哪里发展,我们就会发现不仅个人,而且还有团体权利的减少,通常少数人的权利也牵涉在内。因此穆斯林经常成为首当其冲深受其害的群体。”

But Stuart said she is concerned about the potential limits on individual speech.

但斯图尔特表示她担心潜在的对于个人言论的限制。

“We have to accept that there will be certain extremist ideas and dissent⁸ on our street corners, and we have to trust that as a society, and civil society particularly, we’re strong enough to rebut⁹ that openly, rather than hide it away,” she said.

“我们不得不接受会有某些极端主义思想及异议,而且我们必须相信,作为一个社会,而且尤其是公民社会，我们要强大到要足以公开反驳,而不是躲躲藏藏。”

Speaking via Skype from the Muslim Association of Britain, Omer al-Hamdoon agreed with that, and expressed a more pointed¹⁰ concern.

通过Skype发表讲话时, 英国穆斯林协会的奥马尔·艾尔·哈默登表示同意并表达了更尖锐的观点。

“Muslims, specifically within Britain, are going to be muted, and denied their freedom of speech, even though they have not committed any criminal act,” he said.

“穆斯林,尤其是在英国的穆斯林要低调,并否认他们的言论自由,即使他们没有承认任何犯罪行为。”

Seeking new ways

Hamdoon said current laws against incitement¹¹ are adequate, and he disputed the idea that extremist rhetoric fuels violence.

哈默登表示现在有很多反对煽动罪行的法律,而且他认为极端主义言论成为了暴力流血事件的助燃剂。

“The Home Secretary has mentioned this thread between non-violent extremism and violent extremism. I don’t think there’s any evidence to support this kind of theory,” he said.

“内政大臣已提到非暴力极端主义及暴力极端主义之间的这种情况。我不认为有任何证据能支持这种理论。”

Hamdoon said the government is ill equipped to differentiate¹² between ideas that are outside the mainstream¹³, and those that might be dangerous. He said the new law would make some legitimate¹⁴ Muslim preaching illegal.

哈默登表示政府无法区分主流之外及可能具有危险的思想。他表示新法律将把一些合法的穆斯林布道变成非法。

But Stuart said so far, the problem has been the opposite.

但斯图尔特表示到目前为止,这个问题一直是对立的。

“We have failed to identify extremism rather than intend in any way to criminalize Islamic practice,” she said.

“我们在确定极端主义方面已经出现失误,而非以任何方式宣布伊斯兰实践违法。”

Stuart said there is a consensus¹⁵ among many democracies that they need to find new ways to deal with the rise of extremism, without violating the rights of the people they are trying to protect.

斯图尔特表示很多民主党人达成了一种共识,他们需要在不违背试图保护人民权利的情况下寻找新的方法来应对极端主义的崛起。

1 tighten   

v.(使)变紧；(使)绷紧

参考例句：

• Turn the screw to the right to tighten it.向右转动螺钉把它拧紧。
• Some countries tighten monetary policy to avoid inflation.一些国家实行紧缩银根的货币政策，以避免通货膨胀。

2 rhetoric   

n.修辞学，浮夸之言语

参考例句：

• Do you know something about rhetoric?你懂点修辞学吗？
• Behind all the rhetoric,his relations with the army are dangerously poised.在冠冕堂皇的言辞背后，他和军队的关系岌岌可危。

3 incite   

v.引起，激动，煽动

参考例句：

• I wanted to point out he was a very good speaker, and could incite a crowd.我想说明他曾是一个非常出色的演讲家，非常会调动群众的情绪。
• Just a few words will incite him into action.他只需几句话一将，就会干。

4 hatred   

n.憎恶，憎恨，仇恨

参考例句：

• He looked at me with hatred in his eyes.他以憎恨的眼光望着我。
• The old man was seized with burning hatred for the fascists.老人对法西斯主义者充满了仇恨。

5 unduly   

adv.过度地，不适当地

参考例句：

• He did not sound unduly worried at the prospect.他的口气听上去对前景并不十分担忧。
• He argued that the law was unduly restrictive.他辩称法律的约束性有些过分了。

6 cohesion   

n.团结，凝结力

参考例句：

• I had to bring some cohesion into the company.我得使整个公司恢复凝聚力。
• The power of culture is deeply rooted in the vitality,creativity and cohesion of a nation. 文化的力量，深深熔铸在民族的生命力、创造力和凝聚力之中。

7 radicalism   

n. 急进主义, 根本的改革主义

参考例句：

• His radicalism and refusal to compromise isolated him. 他的激进主义与拒绝妥协使他受到孤立。
• Education produced intellectual ferment and the temptations of radicalism. 教育带来知识界的骚动，促使激进主义具有了吸引力。

8 dissent   

n./v.不同意，持异议

参考例句：

• It is too late now to make any dissent.现在提出异议太晚了。
• He felt her shoulders gave a wriggle of dissent.他感到她的肩膀因为不同意而动了一下。

9 rebut   

v.辩驳，驳回

参考例句：

• He attempted to rebut the assertions made by the prosecution witness.他试图反驳控方证人所作的断言。
• This open letter is to rebut the argument of abstractionism.这封公开信是反驳抽象派论点的。

10 pointed   

adj.尖的，直截了当的

参考例句：

• He gave me a very sharp pointed pencil.他给我一支削得非常尖的铅笔。
• She wished to show Mrs.John Dashwood by this pointed invitation to her brother.她想通过对达茨伍德夫人提出直截了当的邀请向她的哥哥表示出来。

11 incitement   

激励； 刺激； 煽动； 激励物

参考例句：

• incitement to racial hatred 种族仇恨的挑起
• Interest is an incitement to study. 兴趣刺激学习。

12 differentiate   

vi.(between)区分；vt.区别；使不同

参考例句：

• You can differentiate between the houses by the shape of their chimneys.你可以凭借烟囱形状的不同来区分这两幢房子。
• He never learned to differentiate between good and evil.他从未学会分辨善恶。

13 mainstream   

n.（思想或行为的）主流；adj.主流的

参考例句：

• Their views lie outside the mainstream of current medical opinion.他们的观点不属于当今医学界观点的主流。
• Polls are still largely reflects the mainstream sentiment.民调还在很大程度上反映了社会主流情绪。

14 legitimate   

adj.合法的，合理的，合乎逻辑的；v.使合法

参考例句：

• Sickness is a legitimate reason for asking for leave.生病是请假的一个正当的理由。
• That's a perfectly legitimate fear.怀有这种恐惧完全在情理之中。

15 consensus   

n.(意见等的)一致，一致同意，共识

参考例句：

• Can we reach a consensus on this issue?我们能在这个问题上取得一致意见吗？
• What is the consensus of opinion at the afternoon meeting?下午会议上一致的意见是什么？