VOA常速英语2016--非洲抗逆转录病毒药物供不应求

非洲抗逆转录病毒药物供不应求

Stéphane Alliali Dié Kouamé walks one neighborhood in Abidjan every day to visit people livingwith HIV/AIDS. Treatment with antiretroviral drugs can reduce mother-to-child transmissionduring pregnancy¹ and birth. Kouamé works for the local NGO Lumière Action, which runs atreatment center nearby. He says people fall out of treatment for many reasons. Some becomediscouraged. Some become misguided by charlatans² touting³ cures. Others don't have enoughmoney to pay for transport to the clinic. And then, there is the stigma⁴. Just last week, acouple came to the clinic and they recognized one of the nurses, so they didn't want to comeback to get their treatment. They asked me to bring it to them. They stigmatize⁵ themselvessometimes. The clinic also offers free HIV tests. Ivory Coast made antiretroviral medications freein 2008. Since then, the percentage of people on ARV's has doubled to about 30 percent, butaid groups say that is still too low. Clinics frequently run out of stock. For first line treatment,there is no problem. But for the second line, there are always stocks outs. We are people livingwith HIV/AIDS. We are told we have a lifelong treatment to follow. We cannot understand thattoday there are stock outs. Since last year, an alert system has been implemented⁶. When aclinic runs out of stock, it contacts RIP PLUS, a coalition⁷ of 60 local NGOs working on the HIVaids. The group gets in touch with the Ivorian authorities to try to get the medicine. Treatmentwith antiretroviral drugs can slow the virus' spread in the body and delay the onset⁸ of AIDS.Antiretroviral drugs or ARV's, in Ivory Coast are financed by initiatives like The Global Fund toFight AIDS along with the government, but the demand remains⁹ high and so is the cost. Wecould better the situation by producing the ARV's locally. Not necessarily within the country, butwithin the sub-region. That could lower the costs. About 80 percent of ARV's used in Africa areimported from abroad and many countries are pushing to produce locally. South Africa recentlyannounced the creation of a state-owned company to manufacture ARV's there.

每天，斯蒂芬妮都会走访科特迪瓦首都阿比让的某个社区，探望那里的艾滋病患者。用抗逆转录病毒的药物进行治疗，可以降低孕期和生育过程中母子传播的可能性。夸梅是Lumière Action民间组织的成员，在附近开了一家治疗中心。夸梅说，没有跟上治疗有很多原因。一些是心理上放弃了。一些是被江湖术士蛊惑了。还有一些人是付不起治病的交通费用。然后就有了耻辱感。就在上周，一对来诊所看病的夫妇认出了其中一名护士，于是他们就不想回去治疗了。他们叫我带给他们。是他们自己诋毁了自己。诊所也提供艾滋病测试。2008年，科特迪瓦制作了康逆转录病毒的药，全额免费。从那以后，用它治病的患者比例翻倍，增长到了将近30%，但救援组说，这个比例还是很低。各个诊所频繁断货。一线治疗还没问题。但是二线就总是紧缺。我们是艾滋病患者。总有人告诉我们这个病要治一辈子。我们不能理解现在为什么会断货。

自从去年以来，预警系统上线。若某个诊所断货，就会联系一个名为RIP PLUS的组织，由60个致力于治疗艾滋病的民间组织联盟。这个组织会跟科特迪瓦的相关部门联系以获取抗逆转录病毒的药物。用这种药物治疗可以延缓病毒在体内蔓延，延迟病发时间。科特迪瓦的抗逆转录病毒是由抗艾基金和其政府一同支持的，但供不应求，价格高昂。如果能在当地生产这种药物，就能使情况好转很多。不必非要在科特迪瓦，也可以在非洲的子区域。这样能降低成本。非洲所用的抗逆转录病毒药物，有80%是从国外进口的，并且很多国家都在推进其生产进程。最近，南非宣布成立一家国有企业来生产抗逆转录病毒药物。

1 pregnancy   

n.怀孕，怀孕期

参考例句：

• Early pregnancy is often accompanied by nausea.怀孕早期常有恶心的现象。
• Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage.怀孕期吸烟会增加流产的危险。

2 charlatans   

n.冒充内行者，骗子( charlatan的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• There are lots of phonies and charlatans in the financial newsletter business. 干金融通讯这一行的人中间不乏骗子和吹牛大王。 来自辞典例句
• But wicked people and charlatans will go from bad to worse, deceivers and deceived. 但是恶人和行诈术的人却越来越坏，他们迷惑人，也必受人迷惑。 来自互联网

3 touting   

v.兜售( tout的现在分词 )；招揽；侦查；探听赛马情报

参考例句：

• He's been touting his novel around publishers for years. 他几年来一直到处找出版商兜售自己的小说。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Technology industry leaders are touting cars as a hot area for growth. 科技产业领袖吹捧为增长热点地区的汽车。 来自互联网

4 stigma   

n.耻辱，污名；(花的)柱头

参考例句：

• Being an unmarried mother used to carry a social stigma.做未婚母亲在社会上曾是不光彩的事。
• The stigma of losing weighed heavily on the team.失败的耻辱让整个队伍压力沉重。

5 stigmatize   

v.污蔑，玷污

参考例句：

• Children in single-parent families must not be stigmatized.单亲家庭的孩子们不应该受到歧视。
• They are often stigmatized by the rest of society as lazy and dirty.他们经常被社会中的其他人污蔑为懒惰、肮脏。

6 implemented   

v.实现( implement的过去式和过去分词 )；执行；贯彻；使生效

参考例句：

• This agreement, if not implemented, is a mere scrap of paper. 这个协定如不执行只不过是一纸空文。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• The economy is in danger of collapse unless far-reaching reforms are implemented. 如果不实施影响深远的改革，经济就面临崩溃的危险。 来自辞典例句

7 coalition   

n.结合体，同盟，结合，联合

参考例句：

• The several parties formed a coalition.这几个政党组成了政治联盟。
• Coalition forces take great care to avoid civilian casualties.联盟军队竭尽全力避免造成平民伤亡。

8 onset   

n.进攻，袭击，开始，突然开始

参考例句：

• The drug must be taken from the onset of the infection.这种药必须在感染的最初期就开始服用。
• Our troops withstood the onset of the enemy.我们的部队抵挡住了敌人的进攻。

9 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。