VOA常速英语2018--韩国称朝鲜通过黑客攻击赚钱

North Korean cyber operatives, like the Lazarus Group, have been linked to computer system infiltrations like the 2014 Sony Pictures hack¹, prior to the release of the film “The Interview” and the 2016 attempted theft of close to one billion dollars from the central Bangladesh bank using the SWIFT banking² system.

朝鲜的黑客，比如拉撒路集团的那种，跟计算机系统的入侵有关，比如2014年黑客攻击了索尼影业，当时电影《采访》还没有上映；此外，还有2016年盗窃了近10亿美元。被盗对象是孟加拉中央银行，渠道就是通过全球同业银行金融电讯协会（SWIFT）通信系统。

But how did Pyongyang become so adept³ at hacking⁴ while not possessing rich resources and being under tough international sanctions.

但朝鲜政府是如何做到如此娴熟的黑客技术的呢？毕竟朝鲜没有丰富的资源，而且还受到了严厉的国际制裁。

Korean University professor Seungjoo Kim says, the answer, in part, is because North Korea’s computer hackers⁵ operate in China and Europe with easy access to the Internet.

韩国大学Seungjoo Kim教授表示，部分原因是：朝鲜的一些黑客是在中国和欧洲操作的，因为这些地方更容易上网。

North Korea practices that craft under real conditions, like hacking cryptocurrency sites or stealing information.

朝鲜在真实的情况下实施黑客的把戏，比如黑了加密货币网站或窃取信息。

These repeated exercises help to improve skills.

这样的反复练习帮助朝鲜黑客提升技能。

There are between 6,000 and 7,500 North Korean cyber warriors⁶, split into four units to carry out cyberterrorism against state infrastructure⁷, financial services and to hijack⁸ the latest defense⁹ technologies, estimates NK Intellectual Solidarity¹⁰ director Heung Kwan Kim.

朝鲜有6000-7500名黑客，他们分为四个小组来实施网络恐怖主义，针对的对象有——国家基础设施、金融服务，他们还会攻击最新的防御技术。这是北韩知识分子联盟的Heung Kwan Kim的估测。

North Korea was inspired by the Chinese cyberwar units and learned from them. Recognizing their power, North Korea set up the first unit within the central government in 1993.

朝鲜受到中国网军的启发，并向他们学习。认识到自己的实力后，朝鲜于1993年在中央政府内建立了第一个小组。

With international sanctions crippling Pyongyang’s coffers, Kim says North Korea shifted their cyberattacks to private systems rather than government networks, because the smaller entities¹¹ weren’t as well protected.

在国际制裁限制了朝鲜政府收入的情况下，金表示，朝鲜将网络攻击的注意力转向了私人系统而非政府网络，因为小的实体保护度没有那么高。

It’s a problem of North Korea’s high ability and low security.

这个问题在于——朝鲜为所欲为，给其他人造成了不安全。

This has led to allegations that Pyongyang is hacking into cryptocurrency exchanges to steal virtual money, like Bitcoin.

因此，有指控称，朝鲜入侵了加密货币交易，以盗窃虚拟货币，比如比特币。

Seungjoo Kim says, this is because stolen cryptocurrencies are difficult to trace back to their original owner.

Seungjoo Kim表示，因为加密货币一旦丢失，就很难寻觅踪迹并物归原主了。

To earn cryptocurrency in a legitimate¹² way, cutting-edge computers are required, but North Korea doesn’t have them, so they attack computers abroad and hack mining programs.

要以合法的方式获得加密货币，就需要尖端的计算机，但朝鲜没有这种条件，所以他们就入侵国外的计算机或者采矿程序。

The hacked¹³ computers then send any virtual coins it uncovers to North Korean digital wallets, making convert to hard currency.

计算机一旦受到攻击，就会发送各种虚拟货币到朝鲜的数字钱包里，转换为硬通货。

Kim advocates that a detente in the virtual world similar to the easing of tensions taking place in the peninsula. However, that may be difficult, as it would require North Korea to admit it committed acts of cyber terrorism.

金提倡虚拟世界也需要缓解局势，这与朝鲜半岛需要缓解剑拔弩张一样。不过，这会很难，因为这需要朝鲜承认自己进行了网络恐怖主义行为。

1 hack   

n.劈，砍，出租马车；v.劈，砍，干咳

参考例句：

• He made a hack at the log.他朝圆木上砍了一下。
• Early settlers had to hack out a clearing in the forest where they could grow crops.早期移民不得不在森林里劈出空地种庄稼。

2 banking   

n.银行业，银行学，金融业

参考例句：

• John is launching his son on a career in banking.约翰打算让儿子在银行界谋一个新职位。
• He possesses an extensive knowledge of banking.他具有广博的银行业务知识。

3 adept   

adj.老练的，精通的

参考例句：

• When it comes to photography,I'm not an adept.要说照相，我不是内行。
• He was highly adept at avoiding trouble.他十分善于避开麻烦。

4 hacking   

n.非法访问计算机系统和数据库的活动

参考例句：

• The patient with emphysema is hacking all day. 这个肺气肿病人整天不断地干咳。
• We undertook the task of hacking our way through the jungle. 我们负责在丛林中开路。

5 hackers   

n.计算机迷( hacker的名词复数 )；私自存取或篡改电脑资料者，电脑“黑客”

参考例句：

• They think of viruses that infect an organization from the outside.They envision hackers breaking into their information vaults. 他们考虑来自外部的感染公司的病毒，他们设想黑客侵入到信息宝库中。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Arranging a meeting with the hackers took weeks againoff-again email exchanges. 通过几星期电子邮件往来安排见面，他们最终同意了。 来自互联网

6 warriors   

武士，勇士，战士( warrior的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• I like reading the stories ofancient warriors. 我喜欢读有关古代武士的故事。
• The warriors speared the man to death. 武士们把那个男子戳死了。

7 infrastructure   

n.下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施

参考例句：

• We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
• We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。

8 hijack   

v.劫持，劫机，拦路抢劫

参考例句：

• Most countries refuse to give sanctuary to people who hijack aeroplanes.大多数国家拒绝对劫机者提供庇护。
• The hijack take place just after the plane take off.劫持是飞机刚起飞后发生的。

9 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。

10 solidarity   

n.团结；休戚相关

参考例句：

• They must preserve their solidarity.他们必须维护他们的团结。
• The solidarity among China's various nationalities is as firm as a rock.中国各族人民之间的团结坚如磐石。

11 entities   

实体对像； 实体，独立存在体，实际存在物( entity的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Our newspaper and our printing business form separate corporate entities. 我们的报纸和印刷业形成相对独立的企业实体。
• The North American continent is made up of three great structural entities. 北美大陆是由三个构造单元组成的。

12 legitimate   

adj.合法的，合理的，合乎逻辑的；v.使合法

参考例句：

• Sickness is a legitimate reason for asking for leave.生病是请假的一个正当的理由。
• That's a perfectly legitimate fear.怀有这种恐惧完全在情理之中。

13 hacked   

生气

参考例句：

• I hacked the dead branches off. 我把枯树枝砍掉了。
• I'm really hacked off. 我真是很恼火。