VOA常速英语2019--莫桑比克接连遭气旋和霍乱重创

There’s endemic cholera¹ in this area, and there’s been a few actual positive test cases, positive cases here at the Manana hospital, just just a block over that way. Cholera is a stomach virus spread often by contaminated water sources, and can be deadly if not treated in its early stages. Humanitarian² organizations including Doctors Without Borders and the International Red Cross have set up health clinics to treat the rising number of cholera cases.

该地区霍乱猖獗。经测试，Manana医院没有几个病例是阳性的。这个医院朝这个方向走离这里只有一个街区。霍乱是一种胃病毒，通常是由污染的水源传播的。这种病可能致命，除非在初期就能得到救治。多家人道主义组织，包括无国界医生组织和国际红十字会，都已经设立的卫生诊所，以医治越来越多的霍乱病人。

The World Health Organization has shipped more than 900 thousand doses of cholera vaccines⁴, and the US Agency for International Development is also financially supporting the vaccination⁵ campaign as part of its seven million dollar contribution to disaster assistance.

世卫组织已经通过船运带来了90万剂霍乱疫苗；美国国际开发署也在拨款，支持疫苗接种工作，这是其700万美元救灾工作的部分内容。

The Ministry⁶ of Health is leading the efforts in ensuring that the communities where there’s a possible risk of this particular diarrhea illness coming to affect, the community that there’s an opportunity for people to receive the vaccine³ ahead of being exposed. Sanitizing one contaminated well can reduce the risk of infection for an entire neighborhood. We have more than 200 people who use this well from all over this area. But it is a labor⁷ intensive process where workers first pump out contaminated water, then treats it well with a powerful chlorine agent to kill harmful bacteria. The next day, the well is again pumped to dilute⁸ the chlorine. We are not going to be in all the wells, but those that are more more most used by population, those that have provided good water in the past. Despite the surge of international assistance, the cholera situation remains⁹ difficult to contain in a country with already widespread poverty and still facing a long recovery from the extensive cyclone¹⁰ damage.

卫生部牵头确保各社群接种疫苗。这些社群都是有可能出现痢疾病症的，让大家能在接触到病毒之前就接种疫苗。给被污染的井水消毒可以减少整个社区的染病风险。整个地区有200多人喝这口井里的水。但这个过程工作量很大，因为工作人员需要先把被污染的水源泵出来，然后用强力氯化剂消毒，以杀掉有害的细菌。第二天，再把净水泵出来，以稀释氯化物。我们无法一一关注到每口井，而是去净化民众使用更多的井水，以及以前曾提供良好水质的井水。虽然有国际援助，但霍乱的形势依然难以遏制，因为这个国家贫困泛滥，而且此前重创这里的热带气旋也需要很长一段时间才能恢复。

1 cholera   

n.霍乱

参考例句：

• The cholera outbreak has been contained.霍乱的发生已被控制住了。
• Cholera spread like wildfire through the camps.霍乱在营地里迅速传播。

2 humanitarian   

n.人道主义者，博爱者，基督凡人论者

参考例句：

• She has many humanitarian interests and contributes a lot to them.她拥有很多慈善事业，并作了很大的贡献。
• The British government has now suspended humanitarian aid to the area.英国政府现已暂停对这一地区的人道主义援助。

3 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

4 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。

5 vaccination   

n.接种疫苗，种痘

参考例句：

• Vaccination is a preventive against smallpox.种痘是预防天花的方法。
• Doctors suggest getting a tetanus vaccination every ten years.医生建议每十年注射一次破伤风疫苗。

6 ministry   

n.(政府的)部；牧师

参考例句：

• They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
• We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。

7 labor   

n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦

参考例句：

• We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
• He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。

8 dilute   

vt.稀释，冲淡；adj.稀释的，冲淡的

参考例句：

• The water will dilute the wine.水能使酒变淡。
• Zinc displaces the hydrogen of dilute acids.锌置换了稀酸中的氢。

9 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

10 cyclone   

n.旋风，龙卷风

参考例句：

• An exceptionally violent cyclone hit the town last night.昨晚异常猛烈的旋风吹袭了那个小镇。
• The cyclone brought misery to thousands of people.旋风给成千上万的人带来苦难。