2021年经济学人 奥拉夫·肖尔茨宣誓就任德国总理

The world this week -- Politics

本周国际要闻——政治

Olaf Scholz was sworn in as chancellor¹ of Germany, ending the 16-year tenure² of Angela Merkel.

奥拉夫·肖尔茨宣誓就任德国总理，结束了安格拉·默克尔16年的任期。

Mr Scholz, a Social Democrat³, leads a three-party coalition⁴, Germany’s first since the 1950s, which includes the Greens and the pro-enterprise Free Democrats⁵.

社会民主党人肖尔茨领导着一个三党联盟，这是德国自20世纪50年代以来的第一次三党合作，另外两党为绿党和亲企业的自由民主党。

The parties have approved a detailed⁶ plan for governing, which includes a higher minimum wage and building more homes.

三党已经批准了一项详细的执政计划，其中包括提高最低工资和建造更多住房。

First, however, they must contend with a fourth wave of covid-19.

然而，他们必须首先应对第四波新冠疫情。

Austria’s chancellor, Alexander Schallenberg, resigned after less than two months in the job.

奥地利总理亚历山大·沙伦伯格上任不到两个月就辞职了。

The new chancellor, Karl Nehammer, now has the job of enforcing a controversial vaccine⁷ mandate⁸ that covers all Austrians.

新总理卡尔·内哈默现在的任务是实施一项有争议的疫苗强制令，该强制令对所有奥地利人生效。

Joe Biden and Vladimir Putin held a two-hour video conference to discuss a huge build-up of Russian troops on the border with Ukraine.

乔·拜登和弗拉基米尔·普京举行了两个小时的视频会议，讨论俄罗斯在乌克兰边境大规模集结军队的问题。

Mr Biden vowed⁹ to impose robust¹⁰ economic sanctions if Russia were to invade Ukraine again.

拜登誓言，如果俄罗斯再次入侵乌克兰，他将实施强有力的经济制裁。

These might include blocking Russia’s Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline¹¹.

其中可能包括阻截俄罗斯的北溪2号天然气管道。

Mr Biden is highly unlikely to send American troops to defend Ukraine, but may offer more cash, arms and training.

拜登不大可能派遣美国军队保卫乌克兰，但可能会提供更多的资金、武器和训练。

Mr Putin has hinted that he thinks Ukraine should be part of Russia.

普京暗示，他认为乌克兰应该是俄罗斯的一部分。

Pedro Castillo, the new left-wing president of Peru, avoided impeachment¹², after Congress voted against a motion to proceed.

在国会投票否决了一项弹劾动议后，秘鲁新任左翼总统佩德罗·卡斯蒂略避免了被弹劾。

Mr Castillo’s supporters, of whom there are a diminishing number in the country, called the impeachment proposal a right-wing coup¹³ attempt.

卡斯蒂略的支持者称，弹劾动议是右翼的政变企图，该国的卡斯蒂略支持者的人数正在减少。

Protesters, both for and against Mr Castillo, took to the streets.

支持和反对卡斯蒂略的抗议者都走上了街头。

Chile became the latest country in Latin America to legalise gay marriage.

智利成为拉丁美洲最新一个同性婚姻合法化的国家。

This came two weeks before a presidential election, in which one of the front-runners has argued that “society works best with heterosexual couples”.

这发生在距离总统大选还有两周的时候，其中一位选举中的领先者声称“异性恋夫妇对社会运转最有益处”。

A military court in Myanmar found Aung San Suu Kyi guilty of violating COVID restrictions¹⁴ (she held a campaign rally) and disturbing public order (her party’s Facebook page objected to the military coup against her in February).

缅甸一家军事法庭判定昂山素季违反了新冠疫情限制（她举行了一场竞选集会），扰乱了公共秩序（她所在政党的脸书页面对2月份针对她的军事政变表示反对）。

For these ridiculous charges, she faces two years in prison.

她将因这些荒谬的指控面临两年的监禁。

For others yet to be heard, she faces a life behind bars.

至于其他那些尚未被审理的罪名，她面临的是终生监禁。

Her party won election by a landslide¹⁵ in 2020, but is now largely in hiding.

她的政党在2020年以压倒性优势赢得选举，但现在基本都躲藏起来了。

Rohingya refugees filed a class-action lawsuit¹⁶ against Facebook’s parent company, Meta, in the United States.

罗兴亚难民在美国对脸书的母公司Meta提起了集体诉讼。

They are seeking $150bn in compensation, alleging¹⁷ that the company did not do enough to stop others from using its platform to incite¹⁸ violence against Rohingyas in Myanmar, where they have been so brutally¹⁹ persecuted²⁰ that hundreds of thousands have fled.

他们要求获得1500亿美元的赔偿，称该公司没有采取足够措施阻止其他人利用其平台煽动针对缅甸罗兴亚人的暴力。在缅甸，罗兴亚人受到了残酷迫害，导致数十万人逃离。

If successful, the suit would be unprecedented²¹.

如果成功，这起诉讼将是史无前例的。

1 chancellor   

n.(英)大臣；法官；(德、奥)总理；大学校长

参考例句：

• They submitted their reports to the Chancellor yesterday.他们昨天向财政大臣递交了报告。
• He was regarded as the most successful Chancellor of modern times.他被认为是现代最成功的财政大臣。

2 tenure   

n.终身职位；任期；(土地)保有权，保有期

参考例句：

• He remained popular throughout his tenure of the office of mayor.他在担任市长的整个任期内都深得民心。
• Land tenure is a leading political issue in many parts of the world.土地的保有权在世界很多地区是主要的政治问题。

3 democrat   

n.民主主义者，民主人士；民主党党员

参考例句：

• The Democrat and the Public criticized each other.民主党人和共和党人互相攻击。
• About two years later,he was defeated by Democrat Jimmy Carter.大约两年后，他被民主党人杰米卡特击败。

4 coalition   

n.结合体，同盟，结合，联合

参考例句：

• The several parties formed a coalition.这几个政党组成了政治联盟。
• Coalition forces take great care to avoid civilian casualties.联盟军队竭尽全力避免造成平民伤亡。

5 democrats   

n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
• The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 detailed   

adj.详细的，详尽的，极注意细节的，完全的

参考例句：

• He had made a detailed study of the terrain.他对地形作了缜密的研究。
• A detailed list of our publications is available on request.我们的出版物有一份详细的目录备索。

7 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

8 mandate   

n.托管地；命令，指示

参考例句：

• The President had a clear mandate to end the war.总统得到明确的授权结束那场战争。
• The General Election gave him no such mandate.大选并未授予他这种权力。

9 vowed   

起誓，发誓（vow的过去式与过去分词形式）

参考例句：

• He vowed quite solemnly that he would carry out his promise. 他非常庄严地发誓要实现他的诺言。
• I vowed to do more of the cooking myself. 我发誓自己要多动手做饭。

10 robust   

adj.强壮的，强健的，粗野的，需要体力的，浓的

参考例句：

• She is too tall and robust.她个子太高，身体太壮。
• China wants to keep growth robust to reduce poverty and avoid job losses,AP commented.美联社评论道，中国希望保持经济强势增长，以减少贫困和失业状况。

11 pipeline   

n.管道，管线

参考例句：

• The pipeline supplies Jordan with 15 per cent of its crude oil.该管道供给约旦15%的原油。
• A single pipeline serves all the houses with water.一条单管路给所有的房子供水。

12 impeachment   

n.弹劾；控告；怀疑

参考例句：

• Impeachment is considered a drastic measure in the United States.在美国，弹劾被视为一种非常激烈的措施。
• The verdict resulting from his impeachment destroyed his political career.他遭弹劾后得到的判决毁了他的政治生涯。

13 coup   

n.政变；突然而成功的行动

参考例句：

• The monarch was ousted by a military coup.那君主被军事政变者废黜了。
• That government was overthrown in a military coup three years ago.那个政府在3年前的军事政变中被推翻。

14 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

15 landslide   

n.(竞选中)压倒多数的选票；一面倒的胜利

参考例句：

• Our candidate is predicated to win by a landslide.我们的候选人被预言将以绝对优势取胜。
• An electoral landslide put the Labour Party into power in 1945.1945年工党以压倒多数的胜利当选执政。

16 lawsuit   

n.诉讼，控诉

参考例句：

• They threatened him with a lawsuit.他们以诉讼威逼他。
• He was perpetually involving himself in this long lawsuit.他使自己无休止地卷入这场长时间的诉讼。

17 alleging   

断言，宣称，辩解( allege的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• His reputation was blemished by a newspaper article alleging he'd evaded his taxes. 由于报上一篇文章声称他曾逃税，他的名誉受到损害。
• This our Peeress declined as unnecessary, alleging that her cousin Thornhill's recommendation would be sufficient. 那位贵人不肯，还说不必，只要有她老表唐希尔保荐就够了。

18 incite   

v.引起，激动，煽动

参考例句：

• I wanted to point out he was a very good speaker, and could incite a crowd.我想说明他曾是一个非常出色的演讲家，非常会调动群众的情绪。
• Just a few words will incite him into action.他只需几句话一将，就会干。

19 brutally   

adv.残忍地，野蛮地，冷酷无情地

参考例句：

• The uprising was brutally put down.起义被残酷地镇压下去了。
• A pro-democracy uprising was brutally suppressed.一场争取民主的起义被残酷镇压了。

20 persecuted   

（尤指宗教或政治信仰的）迫害(~sb. for sth.)( persecute的过去式和过去分词 )； 烦扰，困扰或骚扰某人

参考例句：

• Throughout history, people have been persecuted for their religious beliefs. 人们因宗教信仰而受迫害的情况贯穿了整个历史。
• Members of these sects are ruthlessly persecuted and suppressed. 这些教派的成员遭到了残酷的迫害和镇压。

21 unprecedented   

adj.无前例的，新奇的

参考例句：

• The air crash caused an unprecedented number of deaths.这次空难的死亡人数是空前的。
• A flood of this sort is really unprecedented.这样大的洪水真是十年九不遇。