美国国家公共电台 NPR--朝鲜今年已经进行了四次导弹试验

搜索

复制

North Korea has conducted four missile tests so far this year

Transcript¹

Some experts believe that North Korea's testing is going according to a long-term plan, that could include long-range missile testing in the near future.

A MARTINEZ, HOST:

Last year, it took North Korea nine months to conduct four missile tests. This year, it's taken them less than two weeks. These tests are banned by U.N. Security Council resolutions, but North Korea has made it clear that it's planning big upgrades to its nuclear arsenal². NPR's Anthony Kuhn reports from Seoul.

ANTHONY KUHN, BYLINE³: Last Friday, North Korea claims to have launched two missiles from trains. Just hours earlier, it warned that it would respond to the Biden administration's sanctions on Pyongyang in connection with its missile programs. But Lee Ho-ryung, a researcher at the Korea Institute for Defense⁴ Analyses, a government think tank in Seoul, says the sanctions were just a convenient pretext⁵ to test weapons that were already in the works.

LEE HO-RYUNG: (Through interpreter) They are, in fact, testing weapons according to an existing plan, although the tests are presented as a reaction to events, such as South Korea's presidential election.

KUHN: Pyongyang could also test missiles to grab attention ahead of U.S. midterm elections this year. But Lee argues that plans to develop the missiles were laid three years ago, after then-President Donald Trump⁶ walked out on nuclear negotiations⁷ with the North's leader, Kim Jong Un. And some of those missiles are reaching the testing stage right about now.

LEE: (Through interpreter) It usually takes about three years from planning a weapon's development to testing it. So to calculate back, North Korea has used the time since the breakdown⁸ of the 2019 Hanoi summit to develop these weapons.

KUHN: Kim had already built and tested an atomic bomb and an ICBM in 2017, but he couldn't get what he wanted - security guarantees and relief from sanctions. So, Lee says, he decided⁹ to develop newer, more powerful weapons.

LEE: (Through interpreter) If North Korea posed a threat before, solely¹⁰ with its nuclear capability¹¹, now it pursues what will give it a second-strike capability.

KUHN: That means developing missiles that can evade¹² initial enemy attacks, such as missiles launched from submarines and trains. North Korea also wants longer-range missiles that can reach all of the continental¹³ U.S. and carry multiple warheads. Kim Jong Un outlined a plan to develop such weapons in a January 2021 speech.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)\

KIM JONG UN: (Non-English language spoken).

KUHN: "We must raise our defense, science and technology to a higher level," he said, "and carry out the goals and tasks of munitions¹⁴ production without fail." Kim's five-year plan ends in 2026.

Park Hyeong Jung, an emeritus¹⁵ researcher at the Korea Institute for National Unification, a Seoul-based government think tank, says Pyongyang is likely to unveil its biggest and most provocative¹⁶ weapons last.

PARK HYEONG JUNG: (Through interpreter) By 2023, '24 or '25, they will be able to actually test these weapons, but it's unlikely that they're completed yet. So between 2023 and 2025, a crisis could erupt.

KUHN: The Biden administration says it's open to an incremental¹⁷ deal that could offer some sanctions relief if Pyongyang limits its nuclear programs. It insists it has no hostile intent towards Pyongyang and is willing to talk anytime, anywhere. Pyongyang has rejected these overtures¹⁸, and Park says it'll probably continue to do so until its plan is complete.

PARK: (Through interpreter) North Korea has to show off crucial new capabilities¹⁹ to diplomatically overwhelm the U.S. and South Korea. So until then, they're unlikely to come out to negotiate.

KUHN: Isolated²⁰ by sanctions and the pandemic, North Korea faces economic hardships and chronic²¹ food shortages. But Park says that North Korea is determined²² to upgrade its arsenal, regardless of the cost.

Anthony Kuhn, NPR News, Seoul.

(SOUNDBITE OF LITTLE NORTH'S "HUNTRESS")

1 transcript   

n.抄本，誊本，副本，肄业证书

参考例句：

• A transcript of the tapes was presented as evidence in court.一份录音带的文字本作为证据被呈交法庭。
• They wouldn't let me have a transcript of the interview.他们拒绝给我一份采访的文字整理稿。

2 arsenal   

n.兵工厂，军械库

参考例句：

• Even the workers at the arsenal have got a secret organization.兵工厂工人暗中也有组织。
• We must be the great arsenal of democracy.我们必须成为民主的大军火库。

3 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

4 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。

5 pretext   

n.借口，托词

参考例句：

• He used his headache as a pretext for not going to school.他借口头疼而不去上学。
• He didn't attend that meeting under the pretext of sickness.他以生病为借口，没参加那个会议。

6 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

7 negotiations   

协商( negotiation的名词复数 )； 谈判； 完成（难事）； 通过

参考例句：

• negotiations for a durable peace 为持久和平而进行的谈判
• Negotiations have failed to establish any middle ground. 谈判未能达成任何妥协。

8 breakdown   

n.垮，衰竭；损坏，故障，倒塌

参考例句：

• She suffered a nervous breakdown.她患神经衰弱。
• The plane had a breakdown in the air,but it was fortunately removed by the ace pilot.飞机在空中发生了故障，但幸运的是被王牌驾驶员排除了。

9 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

10 solely   

adv.仅仅，唯一地

参考例句：

• Success should not be measured solely by educational achievement.成功与否不应只用学业成绩来衡量。
• The town depends almost solely on the tourist trade.这座城市几乎完全靠旅游业维持。

11 capability   

n.能力；才能；(pl)可发展的能力或特性等

参考例句：

• She has the capability to become a very fine actress.她有潜力成为杰出演员。
• Organizing a whole department is beyond his capability.组织整个部门是他能力以外的事。

12 evade   

vt.逃避，回避；避开，躲避

参考例句：

• He tried to evade the embarrassing question.他企图回避这令人难堪的问题。
• You are in charge of the job.How could you evade the issue?你是负责人，你怎么能对这个问题不置可否？

13 continental   

adj.大陆的，大陆性的，欧洲大陆的

参考例句：

• A continental climate is different from an insular one.大陆性气候不同于岛屿气候。
• The most ancient parts of the continental crust are 4000 million years old.大陆地壳最古老的部分有40亿年历史。

14 munitions   

n.军火，弹药；v.供应…军需品

参考例句：

• The army used precision-guided munitions to blow up enemy targets.军队用精确瞄准的枪炮炸掉敌方目标。
• He rose [made a career for himself] by dealing in munitions.他是靠贩卖军火发迹的。

15 emeritus   

adj.名誉退休的

参考例句：

• "Perhaps I can introduce Mr.Lake Kirby,an emeritus professor from Washington University?"请允许我介绍华盛顿大学名誉教授莱克柯尔比先生。
• He will continue as chairman emeritus.他将会继续担任荣誉主席。

16 provocative   

adj.挑衅的，煽动的，刺激的，挑逗的

参考例句：

• She wore a very provocative dress.她穿了一件非常性感的裙子。
• His provocative words only fueled the argument further.他的挑衅性讲话只能使争论进一步激化。

17 incremental   

adj.增加的

参考例句：

• For logic devices, the incremental current gain is very important. 对于逻辑器件来说，提高电流增益是非常重要的。 来自辞典例句
• By using an incremental approach, the problems involving material or geometric nonlinearity have been solved. 借应用一种增量方法，已经解决了包括材料的或几何的非线性问题。 来自辞典例句

18 overtures   

n.主动的表示，提议；（向某人做出的）友好表示、姿态或提议( overture的名词复数 )；（歌剧、芭蕾舞、音乐剧等的）序曲，前奏曲

参考例句：

• Their government is making overtures for peace. 他们的政府正在提出和平建议。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He had lately begun to make clumsy yet endearing overtures of friendship. 最近他开始主动表示友好，样子笨拙却又招人喜爱。 来自辞典例句

19 capabilities   

n.能力( capability的名词复数 )；可能；容量；[复数]潜在能力

参考例句：

• He was somewhat pompous and had a high opinion of his own capabilities. 他有点自大，自视甚高。 来自辞典例句
• Some programmers use tabs to break complex product capabilities into smaller chunks. 一些程序员认为，标签可以将复杂的功能分为每个窗格一组简单的功能。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓

20 isolated   

adj.与世隔绝的

参考例句：

• His bad behaviour was just an isolated incident. 他的不良行为只是个别事件。
• Patients with the disease should be isolated. 这种病的患者应予以隔离。

21 chronic   

adj.(疾病)长期未愈的，慢性的；极坏的

参考例句：

• Famine differs from chronic malnutrition.饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。
• Chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition.慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。

22 determined   

adj.坚定的；有决心的

参考例句：

• I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
• He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。