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常春藤解析英语【2】Small, Smart, and Strong—Ants 小

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Small, Smart, and Strong—Ants 小蚂蚁的大世界

by Rachel Black

Man has long considered the ant to be a hardworking, well-organized creature. This social insect lives in an ordered colony that may contain millions of _(1)_. There are currently 11,880 known species of ants in the world, many of _(2)_ share common characteristics. Ants have three body segments, six legs, and can lift _(3)_ 20 times their body weight. A colony of 40,000 of these creatures has the same amount of brain cells _(4)_ a single human brain. Don't let their size fool you, though. It is believed that ant brains have the processing power of some of the computers of the early 1980s.

Like humans, ants have specific jobs to do within society. Each colony may have one or more queens whose job is to _(5)_ eggs. The sterile1 worker ants care for the young, hunt for food, and protect the colony from unwanted visitors. This is important _(6)_ one species might attempt to steal the pupae of another species.

Most humans seem to tolerate ants. However, in 2004, fire ants made their way to Taiwan and many people were _(7)_ of being bitten. After all, the sting of this foreign species could cause a deadly allergic2 reaction. Nevertheless, ants are usually harmless organisms whose constant activity should motivate us to get off the sofa and work a little harder.

1. (A) passengers (B) inhabitants (C) civilians3 (D) populations

2. (A) them (B) these (C) whom (D) which

3. (A) up to (B) such as (C) next to (D) plenty of

4. (A) by (B) like (C) as (D) within

5. (A) drop (B) lay (C) form (D) release

6. (A) if (B) while (C) because (D) although

7. (A) fearful (B) doubtful (C) shameful4 (D) harmful

原来如此

1. This social insect lives in an ordered colony that may contain millions of inhabitants.

理由:

a.(A)passenger n. 乘客
(B)inhabitant n. 居住者
(C)civilian n. 平民,百姓
(D)population n. 人口
注意:
population 为集合名词,常用单数形,或与不定冠词 a 并用。
a large/small population  人口众多∕稀少
a population of 200,000  二十万的人口

b. 根据语意、用法,可知应选 (B)。

2. ...11,880 known species of ants in the world, many of which share common characteristics.

理由:

a. 本空格测试下列句构:

主要子句 + 逗点 + 数量词(some, many...)+ of + 关系代名词(whom, which)引导的形容词子句
注意:
本句构两句中间以逗号相隔,因此须用关系代名词 whom/which 来连接两句。
例: Kent has lots of baseball cards, some of which are worth thousands of dollars.
(肯特拥有许多棒球卡,其中有些价值数千元。)

b. 根据上述,可知 (A)、(B) 不可选。whom 只能用来修饰其前表人的名词,故 (C) 亦不可选。仅 (D) 为正选。

3. Ants have three body segments, six legs, and can lift up to 20 times their weight.

理由:

a.(A)up to + 数字  多达∕高达……
例: That girl can eat up to five bowls of beef noodles in one sitting.
(那女孩一餐可以吃到五碗牛肉面。)
(B)such as...  诸如……(其前与复数名词并用)
例: We ordered a lot of dishes, such as fried rice and peppers with beef.
(我们点了许多菜,像是炒饭和青椒炒牛肉等。)
(C)next to...  在……旁边;次于……
(D)plenty of...  许多的……

b. 根据语意、用法,可知应选 (A)。

4. ...has the same amount of brain cells as a single human brain.

理由:

a. 本空格测试下列固定用法:
the same + N + as...  和……相同的……
注意:
原句原为:...has the same amount of brain cells as a single human brain (has).
此处的 as 为准关系代名词,在引导的子句中作 has 的受词。
例: She bought the same jeans as her older sister.
(她和姐姐买同一款牛仔裤。)

b. 根据上述,可知 (C) 应为正选。

5. Each colony may have one or more queens whose job is to lay eggs.

理由:

a.(A)drop vt. 丢
(B)lay vt. 产(卵)
动词三态:lay, laid, laid。
例: The chicken can lay between 180-230 eggs per year.
(母鸡每年可下 180 到 230 个蛋。)
(C)form vt. 形成
(D)release vt. 释放

b.空格后为名词 eggs(卵、蛋),可知应选 (B)。

6. This is important because one species might attempt to steal the pupae of another species.

理由:

a.空格前后为两个子句,可知应置入连接词加以连接。

b.四个选项均为副词连接词,但 (A) if(如果)、(B) while(当)、(D) although(虽然)置入后语意皆不合而不可选。(C) because(因为)置入后符合前后的因果关系,故为正选。

7. ...and many people were fearful of being bitten.

理由:

a.(A)fearful a. 害怕的
be fearful of...  害怕……
例: I've always been fearful of clowns because of their scary make-up.
(我一直很害怕小丑,因为他们的妆画得很恐怖。)
(B)doubtful a. 怀疑的
be doubtful of...  怀疑……
例: Please don't be doubtful of my intentions.
(请不要怀疑我的动机。)
(C)shameful a. 可耻的
It is shameful + that 子句  ……是可耻的
例: It is shameful that you've been cheating on your wife.
(你一直对太太不忠真是可耻。)
(D)harmful a. 有害的
be harmful to...  对……有害
例: The strike was harmful to management and labor5 alike.
(这场罢工让劳资双方两败俱伤。)

b.根据语意,可知应选 (A)。

精解字词词组

1.colony n.(蚂蚁、黄蜂等的)群
例: A colony of wasps6 built a hive in a hole in the wall.
(一群黄蜂在墙上的洞穴筑了蜂窝。)

2.characteristic n. 特征,特性 & a. 特有的
be characteristic of...  是……的写照∕特有的
例: Black and white stripes are characteristic of zebras.
(黑白相间的条纹是斑马特有的。)

3.attempt to V  企图∕试图(做)……
例: William attempted to live out his own dream through his son.
(威廉试图透过儿子实现自己的梦想。)

4.allergic a. 过敏的
be allergic to...  对……过敏
例: Bill is allergic to bees and one sting could kill him.
(比尔对蜜蜂过敏,被叮一下就可能要了他的命。)

5.motivate sb to V  激发∕激励某人(做)……
例: Sara's heart attack finally motivated her to lose weight.
(莎拉心脏病发作,终于激发她减肥。)

单字小铺

1.hardworking a. 努力工作的

2.social a. 群居的

3.ordered a. 有秩序的

4.currently adv. 目前

5.species n. 物种(单复数同形)

6.segment n.(昆虫的)节;部分

7.process vt. 处理(数据、数据等)
*本文中为现在分词作形容词用。

8.specific a. 特定的

9.sterile a. 无法生育的

10.pupae n. 蛹(复数)
pupa n. 蛹(单数)

11.tolerate vt. 容忍
= put up with...

12.sting n.(昆虫等的)叮咬

13.reaction n. 反应

14.organism n. 生物,有机体

词组小铺

1. care for...  照顾……

2. protect sb/sth from N/V-ing  保护某人∕某物免于……

3. make one's way to + 地方名词  前进至……(地方)

4. after all  毕竟

中文翻译&标准答案

人类一直认为蚂蚁是勤奋工作和有组织的生物。这种群居性的昆虫住在有秩序的巢穴中,一个蚁穴就有好几百万只蚂蚁。目前已知全世界有一万一千八百八十种蚂蚁种类,其中许多都拥有相同特征。蚂蚁的身体分为三节,有六只脚,可以举起比身体重二十倍的东西。一群四万只蚂蚁的脑细胞加起来和一个人类的脑细胞一样多。别被牠们的体积骗了。据说蚂蚁大脑处理事情的能力和某些八十年代的计算机相同。

就像人类一样,蚂蚁在社会中有特定分工。每一群蚂蚁都有一只或多只的蚁后负责产卵。不能生育的工蚁照顾小蚂蚁、寻找食物和保护蚁群远离不速之客的打扰。这是很重要的工作,因为一种蚂蚁可能会试图偷取另一种蚂蚁的蛹。

大部分人对蚂蚁都很容忍。然而,2004 年红火蚁大举入侵台湾,许多人都害怕被叮咬。毕竟,被这种外来蚂蚁叮咬可能会引发致命的过敏反应。然而,蚂蚁一般是无害的生物,牠们的勤奋可以激发我们远离沙发,努力工作。

标准答案:
1. (B) 2. (D) 3. (A) 4. (C) 5. (B) 6. (C) 7. (A)
 


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1 sterile orNyQ     
adj.不毛的,不孕的,无菌的,枯燥的,贫瘠的
参考例句:
  • This top fits over the bottle and keeps the teat sterile.这个盖子严实地盖在奶瓶上,保持奶嘴无菌。
  • The farmers turned the sterile land into high fields.农民们把不毛之地变成了高产田。
2 allergic 4xozJ     
adj.过敏的,变态的
参考例句:
  • Alice is allergic to the fur of cats.艾丽斯对猫的皮毛过敏。
  • Many people are allergic to airborne pollutants such as pollen.许多人对空气传播的污染物过敏,比如花粉。
3 civilians 2a8bdc87d05da507ff4534c9c974b785     
平民,百姓( civilian的名词复数 ); 老百姓
参考例句:
  • the bloody massacre of innocent civilians 对无辜平民的血腥屠杀
  • At least 300 civilians are unaccounted for after the bombing raids. 遭轰炸袭击之后,至少有300名平民下落不明。
4 shameful DzzwR     
adj.可耻的,不道德的
参考例句:
  • It is very shameful of him to show off.他向人炫耀自己,真不害臊。
  • We must expose this shameful activity to the newspapers.我们一定要向报社揭露这一无耻行径。
5 labor P9Tzs     
n.劳动,努力,工作,劳工;分娩;vi.劳动,努力,苦干;vt.详细分析;麻烦
参考例句:
  • We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
  • He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后,他已经疲惫不堪了。
6 wasps fb5b4ba79c574cee74f48a72a48c03ef     
黄蜂( wasp的名词复数 ); 胡蜂; 易动怒的人; 刻毒的人
参考例句:
  • There's a wasps' nest in that old tree. 那棵老树上有一个黄蜂巢。
  • We live in dread not only of unpleasant insects like spiders or wasps, but of quite harmless ones like moths. 我们不仅生活在对象蜘蛛或黄蜂这样的小虫的惧怕中,而且生活在对诸如飞蛾这样无害昆虫的惧怕中
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