英语听力文摘 English Digest 198、白酒与啤酒

　　Wine And Beer: Different Types Of Alcohol, Same Basic Process
Why wine is stronger than beer on this moment of science.
Wine and beer are made of different ingredients,but the basic process is the same.
You start with a liquid containing some kind of sugar, add yeast¹, and wait.  The yeast digests the sugar, giving off alcohol in the process.
The sugar in beer comes mostly from

　　Either way, when the yeast finishes its work, the sugar has been turned into alcohol–which stays–and carbon dioxide, which bubbles to the surface.Since wine starts out with more sugar than beer does, it ends up with more alcohol.
Too Strong?
If you make beer or wine at home, the trick is knowing just how much sugar to start out with in order to get the alcohol content you want to end up with.
However, if the alcohol gets too strong, it’ll poison the yeast, stopping the fermentation altogether.
All About The Yeast
How much alcohol the yeast can tolerate depends partly on the type of yeast.And that’s another reason wine is stronger than beer:beer-yeast,with a lower tolerance² for alcohol, is killed by the time the alcohol reaches about nine percent.
Wine-yeast is hardier³ and can withstand concentrations up to around sixteen percent.Since most beer is less than six percent alcohol and wine is generally under twelve percent, yeast usually runs out of sugar before it creates enough alcohol to poison itself.
Not Too Much Sugar
Novice⁴ home-brewers and wine-makers often try to boost the alcohol content by using a lot of sugar.  This works up to a point, but every strain of yeast has a limit to how much alcohol it can produce before quitting.
Adding more sugar will make a sweeter beer or wine, but it won’t make it any stronger.

1 yeast   

n.酵母；酵母片；泡沫；v.发酵；起泡沫

参考例句：

• Yeast can be used in making beer and bread.酵母可用于酿啤酒和发面包。
• The yeast began to work.酵母开始发酵。

2 tolerance   

n.宽容；容忍，忍受；耐药力；公差

参考例句：

• Tolerance is one of his strengths.宽容是他的一个优点。
• Human beings have limited tolerance of noise.人类对噪音的忍耐力有限。

3 hardier   

能吃苦耐劳的，坚强的( hardy的比较级 )； （植物等）耐寒的

参考例句：

• Theoretically, experiments with genes that confer resistance to disease or herbicides could create hardier weeds. 从理论上说，用含有抗病或抗除草剂的基因进行试验，可能产生更难于对付的杂草。
• Similar fruit to Black Mission, but hardier and a smaller size tree than Mission. 类似加洲黑，但比加洲黑强壮，果比加洲黑更小的尺寸。

4 novice   

adj.新手的，生手的

参考例句：

• As a novice writer,this is something I'm interested in.作为初涉写作的人，我对此很感兴趣。
• She realized that she was a novice.她知道自己初出茅庐。