英语听力文摘 English Digest 203、痛苦的注射

　　Painful Injections
相信大家都有过去医院打针的经历吧？不论你是因为生病还是去注射疫苗。小孩子尤其害怕打针，一看到针就会使出吃奶的劲哭闹。这下着急的还有护士跟孩子的父母，想尽办法让孩子安静下来。
Sometimes people write to us here at Moment of Science to complain that all we ever talk about are quasars or neutrinos or something. Where’s the useful stuff?
Well, here’s something for you practically-minded listeners. Anybody who has a baby knows how hard it is for the little tyke to get a shot. Hard for the baby who, even though shots are necessary, still feels the ouch–and hard for the mother or father who would like to keep pain away from their little one. What to do?

　　A new study has shown that the pain infants experience can be reduced by having them do something else at the same time–specifically, having them nurse. Babies who were in the act of nursing when they were given a quick injection showed fewer signs of distress¹ than those who weren’t. Of course, you can’t ask a baby what he or she feels, so researchers used the method adopted by most moms and dads anyway: babies who cry less are probably more happy.
So why does nursing reduce the experience of pain? Presumably it’s a distraction². It may also be because nursing just feels good, mixing in pleasurable sensations with the painful ones. The net result is something like cutting your finger on the winning lotto ticket. Ouch, your finger says, at the same time as your brain is saying Whoopee! And the ouch doesn’t bother you as much.
Doctors have also found that simple skin-to-skin contact with babies reduces their experience of pain. This effect, however, can take up to fifteen minutes to kick in, whereas the nursing effect is much more immediate³.

1 distress   

n.苦恼，痛苦，不舒适；不幸；vt.使悲痛

参考例句：

• Nothing could alleviate his distress.什么都不能减轻他的痛苦。
• Please don't distress yourself.请你不要忧愁了。

2 distraction   

n.精神涣散，精神不集中，消遣，娱乐

参考例句：

• Total concentration is required with no distractions.要全神贯注，不能有丝毫分神。
• Their national distraction is going to the disco.他们的全民消遣就是去蹦迪。

3 immediate   

adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的

参考例句：

• His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
• We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。