英语听力文摘 English Digest 206、虚拟现实与化学疗法

　　Virtual Reality and Chemotherapy
VR在医学方面的应用具有十分重要的现实意义。在虚拟环境中，可以建立虚拟的人体模型，借助于跟踪球、HMD、感觉手套，学生可以很容易了解人体内部各器官结构，这比现有的采用教科书的方式要有效得多。Pieper及Satara等研究者在90年代初基于两个SGI工作站建立了一个虚拟外科手术训练器，用于腿部及腹部外科手术模拟。这个虚拟的环境包括虚拟的手术台与手术灯，虚拟的外科工具（如手术刀、注射器、手术钳等），虚拟的人体模型与器官等。借助于HMD及感觉手套，使用者可以对虚拟的人体模型进行手术。

　　Some cancer patients are discovering that virtual reality isn’t just for cyber geeks.
Virtual reality is helping¹ patients cope with chemotherapy.  First of all, virtual reality isn’t simply video games, but it’s defined as away for humans to become immersed in a computer-generated environment in a naturalistic fashion. The distraction² of a virtual world significantly reduces the adverse³ effects of chemotherapy treatment for breast cancer patients.
Some patients say that it’s not just the chemotherapy itself that makes them ill, but it’s other cancer patients. Sharing a room with other people undergoing the same treatment can make it that much more difficult for some people to relax. With the help of virtual reality,they report less fatigue⁴, as well as fewer distress⁵ symptoms, such as nausea⁶ and vomiting⁷. Currently, virtual reality is being tested for its effectiveness in easing the experience of chemo for patients with other cancers as well.
The virtual reality programs being provided to cancer patients are chosen carefully, so that they’re interactive⁸ enough to help distract patients, but without overstimulating them. Scenarios⁹ used engage the participant in touring an art gallery, going deep-sea diving, or solving a mystery.
Virtual realities are also being used in a variety of other medical applications, from surgical¹⁰ training to the treatment of body image .

1 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。

2 distraction   

n.精神涣散，精神不集中，消遣，娱乐

参考例句：

• Total concentration is required with no distractions.要全神贯注，不能有丝毫分神。
• Their national distraction is going to the disco.他们的全民消遣就是去蹦迪。

3 adverse   

adj.不利的；有害的；敌对的，不友好的

参考例句：

• He is adverse to going abroad.他反对出国。
• The improper use of medicine could lead to severe adverse reactions.用药不当会产生严重的不良反应。

4 fatigue   

n.疲劳，劳累

参考例句：

• The old lady can't bear the fatigue of a long journey.这位老妇人不能忍受长途旅行的疲劳。
• I have got over my weakness and fatigue.我已从虚弱和疲劳中恢复过来了。

5 distress   

n.苦恼，痛苦，不舒适；不幸；vt.使悲痛

参考例句：

• Nothing could alleviate his distress.什么都不能减轻他的痛苦。
• Please don't distress yourself.请你不要忧愁了。

6 nausea   

n.作呕，恶心；极端的憎恶(或厌恶)

参考例句：

• Early pregnancy is often accompanied by nausea.怀孕期常有恶心的现象。
• He experienced nausea after eating octopus.吃了章鱼后他感到恶心。

7 vomiting   

吐

参考例句：

• Symptoms include diarrhoea and vomiting. 症状有腹泻和呕吐。
• Especially when I feel seasick, I can't stand watching someone else vomiting." 尤其晕船的时候，看不得人家呕。”

8 interactive   

adj.相互作用的，互相影响的，（电脑）交互的

参考例句：

• The psychotherapy is carried out in small interactive groups.这种心理治疗是在互动的小组之间进行的。
• This will make videogames more interactive than ever.这将使电子游戏的互动性更胜以往。

9 scenarios   

n.[意]情节；剧本；事态；脚本

参考例句：

• Further, graphite cores may be safer than non-graphite cores under some accident scenarios. 再者，根据一些事故解说，石墨堆芯可比非石墨堆芯更安全一些。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
• Again, scenarios should make it clear which modes are acceptable to users in various contexts. 同样，我们可以运用场景剧本来搞清楚在不同情境下哪些模式可被用户接受。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓

10 surgical   

adj.外科的，外科医生的，手术上的

参考例句：

• He performs the surgical operations at the Red Cross Hospital.他在红十字会医院做外科手术。
• All surgical instruments must be sterilised before use.所有的外科手术器械在使用之前，必须消毒。