【英语时差8,16】使牛奶均质化

Homogenized Milk That old cliche¹ about cream rising to the top is true. With cow’s milk, fresh from the farm, cream does separate from the milk and rise because fat is the main ingredient in cream and fat is lighter² than the rest of the milk. But the full fat milk, or whole milk, you buy in the store doesn’t separate like farm milk because whole milk is put through a process that keeps the fat molecules³ interspersed⁴ with the rest of the milk. This process is called homogenization. During homogenization, milk is forced under high pressure through a small nozzle. This process breaks down the fat globules to about a quarter of their original size. These microscopic⁵ fat globules become receptors for milk proteins. Once the damaged fat globules bond with milk proteins, the fat in milk becomes weighted down by the heavy protein, and is no longer light enough to rise to the top of a container, causing the milk to become a uniform mixture of protein and fat. In addition to allowing milk to be uniform in its texture⁶ and consistency⁷, homogenization creates a blander⁸ and whiter product. Also, after milk is homogenized, it becomes more vulnerable to spoilage⁹ from exposure to light and heat. Before milk is homogenized, it must be pasteurized because if fresh milk were homogenized, it would go rancid within minutes. That’s because the milk-spoiling enzymes¹⁰ which are killed during pasteurization work much more rapidly on the smaller fat globules produced by homogenization than on the larger fat globules that float to the top of non-homogenized milk.

1 cliche   

n./a.陈词滥调(的)；老生常谈(的)；陈腐的

参考例句：

• You should always try to avoid the use of cliche. 你应该尽量避免使用陈词滥调。
• The old cliche is certainly true:the bigger car do mean bigger profits.有句老话倒的确说得不假:车大利大。

2 lighter   

n.打火机，点火器；驳船；v.用驳船运送；light的比较级

参考例句：

• The portrait was touched up so as to make it lighter.这张画经过润色，色调明朗了一些。
• The lighter works off the car battery.引燃器利用汽车蓄电池打火。

3 molecules   

分子( molecule的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The structure of molecules can be seen under an electron microscope. 分子的结构可在电子显微镜下观察到。
• Inside the reactor the large molecules are cracked into smaller molecules. 在反应堆里，大分子裂变为小分子。

4 interspersed   

adj.[医]散开的；点缀的v.intersperse的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• Lectures will be interspersed with practical demonstrations. 讲课中将不时插入实际示范。
• The grass was interspersed with beds of flowers. 草地上点缀着许多花坛。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

5 microscopic   

adj.微小的，细微的，极小的，显微的

参考例句：

• It's impossible to read his microscopic handwriting.不可能看清他那极小的书写字迹。
• A plant's lungs are the microscopic pores in its leaves.植物的肺就是其叶片上微细的气孔。

6 texture   

n.(织物)质地；(材料)构造；结构；肌理

参考例句：

• We could feel the smooth texture of silk.我们能感觉出丝绸的光滑质地。
• Her skin has a fine texture.她的皮肤细腻。

7 consistency   

n.一贯性，前后一致，稳定性；(液体的)浓度

参考例句：

• Your behaviour lacks consistency.你的行为缺乏一贯性。
• We appreciate the consistency and stability in China and in Chinese politics.我们赞赏中国及其政策的连续性和稳定性。

8 blander   

adj.（食物）淡而无味的( bland的比较级 )；平和的；温和的；无动于衷的

参考例句：

• Generally speaking, I prefer Blander food. 一般说来，我更喜欢吃清淡的食物。 来自互联网
• First turn on the blander, and then pour 2 teaspoons of yogurt into the blander. 首先把搅拌器打开，然后把两勺酸奶倒进搅拌器。 来自互联网

9 spoilage   

n.（食物等）变质，损坏

参考例句：

• He was determined to track down the cause of food spoilage.他决心查出食品腐烂的原因。
• The principal methods of avoiding spoilage are the use of pure yeast strains as starters.防止啤酒变坏的主要方法是用纯酵母菌株发酵。

10 enzymes   

n. 酶，酵素

参考例句：

• It was said that washing powders containing enzymes remove stains more efficiently. 据说加酶洗衣粉除污更有效。
• Among the enzymes which are particularly effective are pepsin, papain. 在酶当中特别有效的是胃朊酶、木瓜酶。