【英语时差8,16】平流层的细菌

Stratospheric Bacteria D:Nice telescope,Yael,what are you looking at? Y:Bacteria. D:In space? Y:Not that far out,Don.Scientists recently collected three brand new species of bacteria from the Stratosphere. When I heard about it,I couldn't believe it.Researchers have been using balloon lifted cryosamplers to collect bacteria and fungi¹ from the stratosphere for years. D:I didn't think that anything can live that high in the amosphere. Y:Neither did I.The stratosphere extends from ten to thirty miles above the surface. That’s above the clouds where temperatures can get as cold as minus 76 degrees Fahrenheit², and there’s lots of ultra violet radiation. D:So How do they think bacteria got up there? Y:Some scientists think they ride up on particles ejected from volcanoes. Others think bacteria might be sucked through updrafts caused by a special kind of lightning that travels upwards³ from cloud tops.Forest fires can also cause thunderstorms that toss immense plumes⁴ of smoke into the stratosphere. Bacteria could ride on the soot⁵. D:And they are the same kind Of bacteria that live here on the surface? Y:Some are known species. They have found rod-shaped Bacillus that are very common here as well as Staphylococcus species related to disease causing bacteria.Others are completely new, including two new Bacillus species. There’s also a third group of bacteria found in clumps⁶ that can’t be cultured in normal bacterial⁷ nutrients⁸. So far, they are a puzzle. D:That's really out of this world,Yael.But you really are trying to see bacteria with your telescope,are you? Y:No,Don.They are away too small. I'm just out enjoying the stars.

1 fungi   

n.真菌，霉菌

参考例句：

• Students practice to apply the study of genetics to multicellular plants and fungi.学生们练习把基因学应用到多细胞植物和真菌中。
• The lawn was covered with fungi.草地上到处都是蘑菇。

2 Fahrenheit   

n./adj.华氏温度；华氏温度计(的)

参考例句：

• He was asked for the boiling point of water in Fahrenheit.他被问到水的沸点是华氏多少度。
• The thermometer reads 80 degrees Fahrenheit.寒暑表指出华氏80度。

3 upwards   

adv.向上，在更高处...以上

参考例句：

• The trend of prices is still upwards.物价的趋向是仍在上涨。
• The smoke rose straight upwards.烟一直向上升。

4 plumes   

羽毛( plume的名词复数 )； 羽毛饰； 羽毛状物； 升上空中的羽状物

参考例句：

• The dancer wore a headdress of pink ostrich plumes. 那位舞蹈演员戴着粉色鸵鸟毛制作的头饰。
• The plumes on her bonnet barely moved as she nodded. 她点点头，那帽子的羽毛在一个劲儿颤动。

5 soot   

n.煤烟，烟尘；vt.熏以煤烟

参考例句：

• Soot is the product of the imperfect combustion of fuel.煤烟是燃料不完全燃烧的产物。
• The chimney was choked with soot.烟囱被煤灰堵塞了。

6 clumps   

n.（树、灌木、植物等的）丛、簇( clump的名词复数 )；（土、泥等）团；块；笨重的脚步声v.（树、灌木、植物等的）丛、簇( clump的第三人称单数 )；（土、泥等）团；块；笨重的脚步声

参考例句：

• These plants quickly form dense clumps. 这些植物很快形成了浓密的树丛。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The bulbs were over. All that remained of them were clumps of brown leaves. 这些鳞茎死了，剩下的只是一丛丛的黃叶子。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 bacterial   

a.细菌的

参考例句：

• Bacterial reproduction is accelerated in weightless space. 在失重的空间，细菌繁殖加快了。
• Brain lesions can be caused by bacterial infections. 大脑损伤可能由细菌感染引起。

8 nutrients   

n.（食品或化学品）营养物，营养品( nutrient的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a lack of essential nutrients 基本营养的缺乏
• Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. 营养素被吸收进血液。 来自《简明英汉词典》