【英语时差8,16】牛奶的巴氏灭菌法

Pasteurized Milk All of the milk on the shelves at your local grocery store has been pasteurized to ensure that it’s safe to drink. Pasteurization makes milk safer to drink by heating it and killing¹ potentially dangerous germs or harmful microbes. Microbes are particularly a problem in the modern age because these days most milk is transported long distances and stored for longer than was the case a hundred years ago when people bought milk from local dairies and drank it almost immediately. With transportation and storage, microbes have plenty of opportunity to cause milk to spoil. Pasteurization kills most of these microbes, leaving milk that can be stored for longer periods of time. A standard pasteurization process is to heat milk to 144 degrees Fahrenheit² and maintain that temperature for thirty minutes. This process does not change the flavor of milk much because it takes place at a relatively³ low temperature. Another way to pasteurize milk is to heat it to 160 degrees for fifteen seconds. This second process produces a slightly less palatable⁴ milk that can be stored for longer periods of time because in those fifteen seconds at a higher temperature, more microbes are killed. A final way of processing milk is to heat it to 280 degrees for one second, called ultra-pasteurization. This method leaves a cooked flavor, but a final product that can be stored for longer; it is used mainly with cream because cream is used more slowly than milk, and needs to keep in your refrigerator for longer than a few days.

1 killing   

n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财

参考例句：

• Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
• Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。

2 Fahrenheit   

n./adj.华氏温度；华氏温度计(的)

参考例句：

• He was asked for the boiling point of water in Fahrenheit.他被问到水的沸点是华氏多少度。
• The thermometer reads 80 degrees Fahrenheit.寒暑表指出华氏80度。

3 relatively   

adv.比较...地，相对地

参考例句：

• The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
• The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。

4 palatable   

adj.可口的，美味的；惬意的

参考例句：

• The truth is not always very palatable.事实真相并非尽如人意。
• This wine is palatable and not very expensive.这种酒味道不错，价钱也不算贵。