【英语时差8,16】食物链守则

 Food Chain Regulation Biologists who study nature’s food chain agree about the basic links in the chain: sunlight provides fuel for plants, plants are consumed by herbivores, and herbivores are eaten by carnivores. But researchers aren’t sure about all the factors that control the chain. Traditionally, they have thought that food-chain populations are regulated from the bottom up. According to this idea, the availability of plants as food determines the size of animal populations in an area. But a study of a food chain in Isle¹ Royal National Park, an island in Lake Superior, has shown that food-chain control can work in both directions. In the island’s food chain, balsam firs are eaten by moose, which, in turn, are eaten by wolves. When researchers tracked the effects of the moose and wolves on the balsam firs, they actually found that the number of wolves in the area affected² the growth of the firs. During the study, researchers recorded the width of the tree rings of balsam firs. Each ring marked a year of the tree’s growth. A narrow ring indicated that the tree’s growth had been suppressed that year. The narrow rings appeared only after wolf populations decreased, allowing a greater number of moose to survive and eat more balsam firs. The researchers concluded that wolves play an important role in maintaining the complex and delicate balance of the island’s food chain. This food chain appears to be regulated from the top as well as from the bottom.

1 isle   

n.小岛，岛

参考例句：

• He is from the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea.他来自爱尔兰海的马恩岛。
• The boat left for the paradise isle of Bali.小船驶向天堂一般的巴厘岛。

2 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。