【英语时差8,16】健康菜谱导致不健康的决定？

Y:So,Don,when you go to Mcdonald's...

D:I don't go to Mcdonald's.

Y:OK,but if you did.And saw that they have salad on the menu,would you get the salad or something less heathful like a cheeseburg in french fries?

D:Well,if I saw,if they had a salad,I guess that's what I'll get.

Y:Maybe.But researchers've actually studied this.They showed people two fast food-type menus: one with three typically unhealthful items, like a hamburger, a chicken sandwich and French fries; and the other menu had the same items but also included a salad.

D:And?

Y:And the people who saw the menu with the salad were nearly three times more likely to choose the least healthful item, the French fries. Almost nobody actually chose the salad.

D:So you say that the presence¹ of the salad as a healthy choice somehow spurred² people to make the most unhealthy choice, why?

Y:It’s called vicarious goal fulfillment.The idea is that merely seeing and considering the salad fulfills³ your goal of eating healthfully. Then you feel like you’ve done your duty, and go on to order what amounts to an unhealthful treat, like extra large fry or a huge hamburger.

D:But maybe just knowing this phenomenon can help. If you know the salad could encourage you to get a cheeseburger, perhaps it’s possible to realize what’s happening and resist the urge.

Y:Maybe,or you could just not eat fastfood in the first place.

1 presence   

n.出席；到场；存在

参考例句：

• Her presence lent an air of respectability to the occasion.她的到场使那种场合增添了崇高的气氛。
• His presence is indicative of his willingness to help.他的出席表示他愿意帮忙。

2 spurred   

adj.装有马刺的v.策（马）前进( spur的过去式和过去分词 )；（尤指用马刺）策（马）加速；鞭策；策马飞奔

参考例句：

• What spurred them on was alchemy,the'science" of changing ordinary metals into gold. 激励他们的是炼金术，即把普通金属变为金子的“科学”。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He was spurred on by ambition. 他胸怀大志。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 fulfills   

v.履行（诺言等）( fulfill的第三人称单数 )；执行（命令等）；达到（目的）；使结束

参考例句：

• He always fulfills his promises. 他总是履行自己的诺言。 来自辞典例句
• His own work amply fulfills this robust claim. 他自己的作品在很大程度上实现了这一正确主张。 来自辞典例句