【英语时差8,16】驯鹿鼻蝇

l: Today on A Moment of Science--reindeer¹ flies. Don: Flying reindeer?? Y: No, reindeer botflies, or reindeer nose bots. Reindeer and other large mammals are often plagued by botflies. Botflies are parasites² that deposit larvae³ inside the noses of their hosts. The larvae burrow⁴ into the flesh of their nasal passages, causing pain, breathing trouble, and other serious problems. D: Whoa, that's horrible! Y: The deer think so too, and learn elaborate behaviors to avoid the flies. When  experienced deer see or hear a botfly, they'll sneeze to try to blow the fly away. Then they'll thrust their heads down to press their noses into the snow or a clump⁵ of grass, looking cautiously around to be sure the fly is gone before raising their heads.    But the flies have evolved sneakier and sneakier ways to get at their hosts. Two different species of botfly have evolved opposite attack strategies.  One species uses stealth. These flies are able to fly and hover⁶ silently. They approach deer slowly from behind, staying low to the ground. Then they position  themselves just below the deer's nose. From this "blind-spot" in front of the deer, a  fly can dart⁷ up and squirt a batch⁸ of larvae into the deer's nostril⁹. D: That is sneaky! Y: Other botflies exploit the deer's natural curiosity. These flies buzz conspicuously¹⁰ and  land on a deer's hindquarters. When the deer turns to investigate the fly, it has to  stretch its neck out awkwardly. Deer in this position find it hard to evade¹¹ a fly when  it nips in to deposit larvae; they can't move their noses quickly enough. D: Hmm. Maybe that's why Rudolph's nose is so red!

1 reindeer   

n.驯鹿

参考例句：

• The herd of reindeer was being trailed by a pack of wolves.那群驯鹿被一只狼群寻踪追赶上来。
• The life of the Reindeer men was a frontier life.驯鹿时代人的生活是一种边区生活。

2 parasites   

寄生物( parasite的名词复数 )； 靠他人为生的人； 诸虫

参考例句：

• These symptoms may be referable to virus infection rather than parasites. 这些症状也许是由病毒感染引起的，而与寄生虫无关。
• Kangaroos harbor a vast range of parasites. 袋鼠身上有各种各样的寄生虫。

3 larvae   

n.幼虫

参考例句：

• Larvae are parasitic on sheep.幼虫寄生在绵羊的身上。
• The larvae prey upon small aphids.这种幼虫以小蚜虫为食。

4 burrow   

vt.挖掘(洞穴)；钻进；vi.挖洞；翻寻；n.地洞

参考例句：

• Earthworms burrow deep into the subsoil.蚯蚓深深地钻进底土。
• The dog had chased a rabbit into its burrow.狗把兔子追进了洞穴。

5 clump   

n.树丛，草丛；vi.用沉重的脚步行走

参考例句：

• A stream meandered gently through a clump of trees.一条小溪从树丛中蜿蜒穿过。
• It was as if he had hacked with his thick boots at a clump of bluebells.仿佛他用自己的厚靴子无情地践踏了一丛野风信子。

6 hover   

vi.翱翔，盘旋；徘徊；彷徨，犹豫

参考例句：

• You don't hover round the table.你不要围着桌子走来走去。
• A plane is hover on our house.有一架飞机在我们的房子上盘旋。

7 dart   

v.猛冲，投掷；n.飞镖，猛冲

参考例句：

• The child made a sudden dart across the road.那小孩突然冲过马路。
• Markov died after being struck by a poison dart.马尔科夫身中毒镖而亡。

8 batch   

n.一批(组，群)；一批生产量

参考例句：

• The first batch of cakes was burnt.第一炉蛋糕烤焦了。
• I have a batch of letters to answer.我有一批信要回复。

9 nostril   

n.鼻孔

参考例句：

• The Indian princess wore a diamond in her right nostril.印弟安公主在右鼻孔中戴了一颗钻石。
• All South American monkeys have flat noses with widely spaced nostril.所有南美洲的猴子都有平鼻子和宽大的鼻孔。

10 conspicuously   

ad.明显地，惹人注目地

参考例句：

• France remained a conspicuously uneasy country. 法国依然是个明显不太平的国家。
• She figured conspicuously in the public debate on the issue. 她在该问题的公开辩论中很引人注目。

11 evade   

vt.逃避，回避；避开，躲避

参考例句：

• He tried to evade the embarrassing question.他企图回避这令人难堪的问题。
• You are in charge of the job.How could you evade the issue?你是负责人，你怎么能对这个问题不置可否？