Although Jack Frost nipping at your nose can be the subject of happy, winter songs, actual frostbite is nothing to smile about. Frostbite occurs when your body can no longer keep your skin warm, and your living tissues begin to freeze. Heres what hap...
But that passage does more than simply carry the sweat to the surface. To avoid losing any more salt than necessary, the walls of the passage take salt out of the sweat so it can be reused by the body. So, when the sweat reaches the surface, it is le...
But as the bread cools, the starch molecules begin to return to their original tight granules, and in the process, expel the water that they absorbed during baking. As the starch granules contract, they get hard again and less flexible, making the br...
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What this shows is that our visual system, in the process of giving us our impressions of the world, takes in information from all parts of our field of view. Seeing the ceiling and floor helps us to perceive correctly that we are looking at two wall...
Do you store your bread in the refrigerator or on the shelf? Bread stored at room temperature may grow mold sooner, but bread in the refrigerator gets stale faster. Staling in bread is not only a matter of drying out; it is actually a reversal of som...
Water and flour alone make a gluey mess, but with the heat of the oven, two different components of the flour exchange water molecules and in the process turn the dough into a sturdy, but spongy material we know of as bread. Starch granules and glute...
This is a psychology-of-perception demonstration you can experience in a room whose walls are all painted the same color. Look into a corner of the room, where two walls and the ceiling meet. Almost certainly one wall will be receiving more light tha...
The earliest paper, made of white cotton rags beaten by hand consisted almost entirely of long cellulose fibers. As the demand for paper increased, paper makers used chlorine to bleach colored rags. Later, heavy machinery made it possible to turn woo...
Open an older book and you may find the paper yellowed around the edges. Even older books fall apart as you turn the pages. But you might be surprised to learn that the pages in some of the oldest books are still white and turn easily without crackin...
The reason cellulose molecules in paper stick together after theyre wet is that they are made of long strings of glucose molecules one of the components of common table sugar. When cellulose is beaten into a watery pulp, some of the glucose molecules...
Most modern paper is made from trees, but that hasnt always been the case. In fact, paper can be made from any form of cellulose that can be broken down into fibers. Because cellulose is what gives all plants their structure, most plants can be used...
Wow!That is nearly ten times greater than the difference observed in the whales. Pretty amazing, right? But, why are they such pitch perfectionists? Well, one hypothesis has to do with the Doppler shift. Really? You mean the acoustic effect that make...
Did you know that blue whales sing their songs exactly on pitch, with unbelievable accuracy? Scientists at San Francisco State University analyzed over 4,000 blue whale songs off the coast of California. They found that all the whales produced a cert...
In the 1700s the Swiss-born mathematician, Leonhard Euler worked out a way to tell whether or not a particular design was traceable in this way simply by counting the number of lines at each intersection in the design. He found that if all the inters...
