英语名人堂：拉多万·卡拉季奇

拉多万·卡拉季奇（Radovan Karadzic，1945- ）是原波黑塞族共和国总统，波黑战争战犯。拉多万·卡拉季奇出生于南斯拉夫黑山共和国北部杜米托尔山区的一个小村庄。1990年，他弃医从政，创建了波黑塞尔维亚民主党，并当选为主席。1992年当选为总统。1996年5月18日，波黑塞尔维亚共和国总统卡拉季奇向公众发表讲话时宣布决定辞去总统职务[1]  。

2016年3月24日，卡拉季奇被海牙联合国特别法庭认定在1992年至1995年波斯尼亚战争期间犯下种族灭绝罪行和其他战争罪行，判处40年监禁。

 

Radovan Karadzic is a former Bosnian Serb leader. He is currently on trial for war crimes and genocide at the International War Crimes Tribunal in The Hague. Karadzic is thought to be behind the deaths of thousands of people in Sarajevo and 8,000 Muslim men and boys in the town of Srebrenica. He was a fugitive¹ for almost 13 years.

 

Karadzic was born in 1945 in Montenegro. He moved to Sarajevo in 1960 to study psychiatry². In the 1970s, he studied neurotic³ disorders⁴ and depression at a hospital in Denmark and at Columbia University in New York. When he returned to Yugoslavia, he started writing poetry. He also got into politics and made a speech attacking nationalism.

 

Karadzic co-founded the Serbian Democratic Party in 1989. He wanted to create a nation of Serbs if Yugoslavia ever broke up. In 1992, he proclaimed the Republika Srpska, representing Serbs from Bosnia and Herzegovina. During the Balkan Wars of 1992-1995 Karadzic took control of his republic’s troops from his military commander Ratko Mladic. He formulated⁵ the battle plans in his fight for Serb nationalism.

 

In 1996, Karadzic was put on the UN’s most-wanted list, charged with crimes against humanity. He went on the run for nearly 13 years. While a fugitive, he assumed an alias⁶ and lived in Belgrade. He lived a normal life and worked as a specialist in alternative medicine. He was arrested in Belgrade in July 2008 and flown to The Hague, where he is conducting his own defence.

1 fugitive   

adj.逃亡的，易逝的；n.逃犯，逃亡者

参考例句：

• The police were able to deduce where the fugitive was hiding.警方成功地推断出那逃亡者躲藏的地方。
• The fugitive is believed to be headed for the border.逃犯被认为在向国境线逃窜。

2 psychiatry   

n.精神病学，精神病疗法

参考例句：

• The study appeared in the Amercian science Journal of Psychiatry.这个研究发表在美国精神病学的杂志上。
• A physician is someone who specializes in psychiatry.精神病专家是专门从事精神病治疗的人。

3 neurotic   

adj.神经病的，神经过敏的；n.神经过敏者，神经病患者

参考例句：

• Nothing is more distracting than a neurotic boss. 没有什么比神经过敏的老板更恼人的了。
• There are also unpleasant brain effects such as anxiety and neurotic behaviour.也会对大脑产生不良影响，如焦虑和神经质的行为。

4 disorders   

n.混乱( disorder的名词复数 )；凌乱；骚乱；（身心、机能）失调

参考例句：

• Reports of anorexia and other eating disorders are on the increase. 据报告，厌食症和其他饮食方面的功能紊乱发生率正在不断增长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The announcement led to violent civil disorders. 这项宣布引起剧烈的骚乱。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 formulated   

v.构想出( formulate的过去式和过去分词 )；规划；确切地阐述；用公式表示

参考例句：

• He claims that the writer never consciously formulated his own theoretical position. 他声称该作家从未有意识地阐明他自己的理论见解。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• This idea can be formulated in two different ways. 这个意思可以有两种说法。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

6 alias   

n.化名；别名；adv.又名

参考例句：

• His real name was Johnson,but he often went by the alias of Smith.他的真名是约翰逊，但是他常常用化名史密斯。
• You can replace this automatically generated alias with a more meaningful one.可用更有意义的名称替换这一自动生成的别名。