国家地理 保护着海岸和生命的消失的森林(7)

"Almost every one of my patients is here because of water-related diseases that were nowhere near as much of a problem before," said Shivapada Mondol. "The circumstances are verging¹ on dangerous." On a stretcher outside his office, a skeletally thin old man retched loudly; the man's daughter tried to push more fluids into him.

“这里的每一个病人都患的是由水中病菌引起的疾病，而这些病在以前根本不值一提。”斯瓦帕达·蒙多说道。“现在的情况已经很危险了。”在他办公室外的一副担架上，一个骨瘦如柴的老人大声地呕吐着；他的女儿正试图喂给他一些流食。

Finally, as if to illustrate² the impossibility of living in the new Sundarbans, several dozen families pulled up stakes in April and moved to Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. No longer able to make much of a living off the land, they opted³ to join the million to 1.5 million other villagers from southern coastal⁴ communities who've already relocated to the overloaded⁵ city, according to Atiq Rahman, director of the Bangladesh Center for Advanced Studies. The World Bank suggests that by 2050, more than 13 million Bangladeshis -- including most of those on the margins⁶ of the Sundarbans -- might migrate because of climate-related crises. The forecast in West Bengal is similarly alarming.

最后，仿佛是为了印证在新孙德本尔斯生存的艰难，几十个家庭4月份搬家去了达卡，孟加拉国的首都。因为无法再靠土地谋生，他们选择像那几百万来自南部的其他村民一样，搬去已经负荷过重的城市，孟加拉国高级研究中心的主任阿提·拉曼透露道。世界银行表示，到2050年，超过1300万孟加拉人--包括大部分居住在孙德本尔斯边缘的居民--可能会由于气候变化导致的灾难而移民。西孟加拉邦也在发出同样的警告。

Despite the challenges, some people here remain guardedly optimistic about the future. The governments on both sides of the border have gotten a grip on the worst of the mangrove⁷ cutting, heavily punishing offenders⁸, and they've learned from past natural disasters. By building more cyclone⁹ shelters and deploying¹⁰ up to 150,000 volunteers before major storms strike, Bangladeshi officials have drastically cut death tolls¹¹. In even the poorest parts of the Sundarbans, villagers have displayed an impressive capacity for adaptation. As salinity¹² surges, they've abandoned rice farming in favor of shrimping.

尽管有这些问题的存在，有些人对未来的态度还是保持乐观。两国政府在情况即将恶化到极点时控制住了局面，他们从过去的自然灾害中吸取教训，严惩违法者。通过建更多的避风场所，以及在暴风雨来临前往各地派去超过150000名志愿者，孟加拉国政府大幅度的减少了自然灾害导致的死亡人数。甚至在孙德本尔斯最贫困的地区，村民们也展现了令人震撼的适应能力。在盐化侵蚀加剧的同时，他们放弃水稻种植，改而捕虾为生。

1 verging   

接近，逼近（verge的现在分词形式）

参考例句：

• He vowed understanding, verging on sympathy, for our approach. 他宣称对我们提出的做法很理解，而且近乎同情。
• He's verging on 80 now and needs constant attention. 他已近80岁，需要侍候左右。

2 illustrate   

v.举例说明，阐明；图解，加插图

参考例句：

• The company's bank statements illustrate its success.这家公司的银行报表说明了它的成功。
• This diagram will illustrate what I mean.这个图表可说明我的意思。

3 opted   

v.选择，挑选( opt的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• She was co-opted onto the board. 她获增选为董事会成员。
• After graduating she opted for a career in music. 毕业后她选择了从事音乐工作。

4 coastal   

adj.海岸的，沿海的，沿岸的

参考例句：

• The ocean waves are slowly eating away the coastal rocks.大海的波浪慢慢地侵蚀着岸边的岩石。
• This country will fortify the coastal areas.该国将加强沿海地区的防御。

5 overloaded   

a.超载的，超负荷的

参考例句：

• He's overloaded with responsibilities. 他担负的责任过多。
• She has overloaded her schedule with work, study, and family responsibilities. 她的日程表上排满了工作、学习、家务等，使自己负担过重。

6 margins   

边( margin的名词复数 )； 利润； 页边空白； 差数

参考例句：

• They have always had to make do with relatively small profit margins. 他们不得不经常设法应付较少的利润额。
• To create more space between the navigation items, add left and right margins to the links. 在每个项目间留更多的空隙，加左或者右的margins来定义链接。

7 mangrove   

n.(植物)红树，红树林

参考例句：

• It is the world's largest tidal mangrove forest.它是世界上最大的红树林沼泽地。
• Many consider this the most beautiful mangrove forest in all Thailand.许多人认为这里是全泰国最美丽的红树林了。

8 offenders   

n.冒犯者( offender的名词复数 )；犯规者；罪犯；妨害…的人（或事物）

参考例句：

• Long prison sentences can be a very effective deterrent for offenders. 判处长期徒刑可对违法者起到强有力的威慑作用。
• Purposeful work is an important part of the regime for young offenders. 使从事有意义的劳动是管理少年犯的重要方法。

9 cyclone   

n.旋风，龙卷风

参考例句：

• An exceptionally violent cyclone hit the town last night.昨晚异常猛烈的旋风吹袭了那个小镇。
• The cyclone brought misery to thousands of people.旋风给成千上万的人带来苦难。

10 deploying   

（尤指军事行动）使展开( deploy的现在分词 )； 施展； 部署； 有效地利用

参考例句：

• Provides support for developing and deploying distributed, component-based applications. 为开发和部署基于组件的分布式应用程序提供支持。
• Advertisement, publishing, repair, and install-on-demand are all available when deploying your application. 在部署应用程序时提供公布、发布、修复和即需即装功能。

11 tolls   

（缓慢而有规律的）钟声( toll的名词复数 )； 通行费； 损耗； （战争、灾难等造成的）毁坏

参考例句：

• A man collected tolls at the gateway. 一个人在大门口收通行费。
• The long-distance call tolls amount to quite a sum. 长途电话费数目相当可观。

12 salinity   

n.盐分；咸度；盐浓度；咸性

参考例句：

• In the sea water sampled the salinity is two parts per thousand.在取样的海水中，盐度为千分之二。
• In many sedimentary basins the salinity of the formation water increases with depth or compaction.在许多沉积盆地中，地层水的含盐量随深度或压实作用而增高。