Pre-Listening Vocabulary herb: plant used for flavour, food, scent, or medicine shrub: a woody plant that doesnt grow as high as a tree petal: an individual segment of a flower, often coloured symbolic: representative of something nutrition: food tha...
Pre-Listening Vocabulary etymologist: a person who studies the evolution of languages citrus: a plant family that includes lemons, limes, oranges, and grapefruit evolve: to change over time drop: to let go; to no longer use Sanskrit: an ancient langu...
Pre-Listening Vocabulary whine: to complain in a way that annoys others receptor: a cell or nerve that responds to a sense roof of ones mouth: the palate; above the top of the tongue contract: get smaller overreact: to act as if a minor problem is a...
Pre-Listening Vocabulary personnel: people who work for an organization knight: a soldier in the Middle Ages visor: a shield that goes over ones face gesture: body language rank: the level of seniority brim: the edge of a hat initiate: to begin or le...
Pre-Listening Vocabulary ban: to disallow disposal: the throwing away of waste sensor: a device that receives a signal and responds Free Trade Agreement: a formal agreement between countries to trade freely without government interference medicinal:...
Pre-Listening Vocabulary ill-fated: doomed; unlucky evacuate: to leave due to danger capacity: the ability to safely hold a certain amount of people undetected: not noticed kennel: a confined place where animals are held disembark: to get off a ship...
Pre-Listening Vocabulary involuntary: occurs without ones control (e.g. a reflex) contagious: spreads from one person to another empathy: the understanding or acknowledgment of another persons feelings phenomenon: an observance in nature (often causi...
Pre-Listening Vocabulary affectionately: fondly; with love and admiration no laughing matter: serious; not a joke consciousness: the state of being awake and knowing whats happening around you notorious: famous (usually for something negative) mishap...
Pre-Listening Vocabulary technically speaking: according to the rules or conventions neutral: (gender) neither male nor female strut: to walk around proudly plumage: feathers pigment: the natural colouring in plants or animals delicacy: an expensive...
Pre-Listening Vocabulary surrounded: enclosed; to have something on all sides outlet: a means for going out or escaping evaporate: to change from liquid into vapour effortlessly: without trying hard ingest: drink or eat spa: health treatment using mi...
Pre-Listening Vocabulary fascinate: to cause great interest mature: to grow periodical: reoccurring at specific times droves: large numbers brood: a group of living things that are hatched or born at the same time emerge: to come out; to appear overl...
Pre-Listening Vocabulary firm believer: a person who feels strongly about something biannual: occurring twice a year innovation: a new invention, product, or idea strategize: to come up with a plan retreat: an escape from everyday life implement: to...
Pre-Listening Vocabulary stunt: a daring act that takes courage and skill hire: to offer to pay someone for their services decoy: a person or thing that tricks people into going or looking a different way resemblance: likeness impersonate: to pretend...
Pre-Listening Vocabulary ingest: to eat or drink tell apart: to distinguish a difference between people and things hind: back non-toxic: not poisonous resemble: to look alike mimicry: a survival technique where one species evolves to resemble another...
Pre-Listening Vocabulary independence: freedom from another governments control significant: important; notable draft: to write rival: enemy renew: to try again; to refresh something from the past outlive: to live longer than written in the stars: de...
