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经济学人83:互益性企业 心系社会的企业

时间:2013-11-28 03:14来源:互联网 提供网友:mapleleaf   字体: [ ]
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   Business B Corps1 Firms with benefits

  商业 互益性企业 心系社会的企业
  A new sort of caring, sharing company gathers momentum2
  一种关爱社会、分享利益的新型公司形式方兴未艾
  HE likes to do things differently.
  伊冯?乔伊纳德**喜欢别出心裁地做事。
  Yvon Chouinard changed his favourite sport, mountaineering, by introducing reusable pitons (the metal spikes3 you bang into the rock face and attach a rope to).
  他在其最终爱的登山运动中融入了变化:使用可循环利用的岩石钉(登山者把这种金属长钉敲进岩壁后在上面栓绳索)。
  Climbers often used to leave pitons in the cliff, which is environmentally messy, another of Mr Chouinard's peeves4.
  在此之前,登山者通常把岩石钉留在崖壁中,这种对环境不利的行为让乔伊纳德十分气恼。
  In business, Mr Chouinard, the founder5 of Patagonia, an outdoor-clothing firm, says he believes that well-treated employees perform better. (He wrote a book called: "Let My People Go Surfing".)
  乔伊纳德是巴塔哥尼亚(Patagonia)户外用品公司的创始人,其经商理念是:善待员工可提升其业绩。(他写过一本书:《我的员工随时去冲浪》*** 。)
  Before it was fashionable, Mr Chouinard preached a philosophy of sustainability and long-term profitability that he calls "the slow company".
  在这一理念被广为接受之前,乔伊纳德宣扬的是可持续发展且可长线盈利的经商哲学,他将其称为"慢速公司"。
  On January 3rd Patagonia was anything but slow in becoming the first firm to take advantage of a new California law designed to give businesses greater freedom to pursue strategies which they believe benefit society as a whole rather than having to concentrate on maximising profits for the next financial quarter.
  1月3日,巴塔哥尼亚的表现一点都不慢:它成为了第一家响应加利福尼亚州新法出台的公司。加州新法给予了公司更大的自由度去达成其认为可造福全社会的战略目标,而非必须专注于如何在下一财季中将盈利最大化。
  According to Mr Chouinard, the new "benefit corporation"—usually referred to as a B Corp—creates the legal framework for firms like his to remain true to their social goals.
  乔伊纳德认为,新型的"互益性法人组织"为心系社会的企业(比如他自己的公司)构建了法律框架。
  To qualify as a B Corp, a firm must have an explicit6 social or environmental mission, and a legally binding7 fiduciary8 responsibility to take into account the interests of workers, the community and the environment as well as its shareholders9.
  可以被归为互益性企业的公司必须要有一项明确的社会或环境目标,并须承担具法律约束力的信托责任:在考虑其股东权益的同时也必须考虑其员工、社会和环境的利益。
  It must also publish independently verified reports on its social and environmental impact alongside its financial results.
  除公开其财务业绩之外,互益性企业必须就其对社会和环境产生的影响出具经独立审核的报告。
  Other than that, it can go about business as usual.
  除上述约束之外,这类企业可照常开展其业务。
  The B Corp is a deliberate effort to change the nature of business by changing corporate10 law, led by B Lab, a non-profit outfit11 based in Pennsylvania.
  总部位于宾夕法尼亚州的一个非营利机构,互益性研究室(B Lab),主导了互益性企业这种审慎的尝试,旨在通过修改公司法改变商业的本质。
  California is the sixth state to allow B Corps; the first was Maryland, in April
  加利福尼亚州是全美第六个认可互益性企业的州;第一个是马里兰州(2010年4月)。
  Patagonia was followed immediately by another 11 Californian firms, including Give Something Back Office Supplies, Green Retirement12 Plans and DopeHut, a clothing retailer13. Across America, there are now several hundred B Corps.
  巴塔哥尼亚在加州很快就有了11个追随者,其中包括回馈办公用品公司(Give Something Back Office Supplies)、绿色退休计划(Green Retirement Plans)及多普客(DopeHut,一家服装公司)等加州企业。
  Before Patagonia, the best-known was probably Seventh Generation, a maker14 of green detergents15, paper towels and other household products.
  全美现共有数百家互益性企业。在巴塔哥尼亚加入这一行列之前,最出名的互益性企业可能要数第七世代(Seventh Generation),该公司生产无害洗涤剂、纸巾和其它家居用品。
  California's B Corp legislation took effect alongside a new law creating the "flexible purpose company" (FlexC), which allows a firm to adopt a specific social or environmental goal, rather than the broader obligations of a B Corp.
  在此次加州出台的新法中,与互益性企业的立法同时生效的是一项构建"弹性目标公司"的新法,该法准许企业设定一项特定的社会或环境目标;与之相比,互益性企业的社会和环境责任更为宽泛。
  Another option in America is the low-profit limited-liability (LC3) company, which can raise money for socially beneficial purposes while making little or no profit.
  在美国法系中还有一种低利润有限责任公司的形式,此类公司为社会筹资,其本身盈利甚微甚至不盈利。
  The idea of a legal framework for firms that put profits second is not confined to America. Britain, for example, has since 2005 allowed people to form "community interest companies".
  为那些将盈利放在次要目的的公司构建法律框架的理念并非美国独有。比如巴西自2005年起就准许个人创办"社会利益公司"。
  Similar laws are brewing16 in several European countries.
  类似的法律框架在欧洲数国也正初现端倪。
  The impetus17 for all this comes from people like Mr Chouinard, who believe that existing laws governing corporations and charities are too restrictive.
  这种理念正是由乔伊纳德这类人士推动发展的。
  For-profit firms, they argue, often face pressure to abandon social goals in favour of increasing profits.
  在这些人看来,现存的法律框架对法人组织和慈善机构的限制过严;以盈利为目标的公司往往会因为放大收益的压力而放弃社会责任。
  Non-profit firms and charities are needlessly restricted in their ability to raise capital when they need to grow.
  在公司发展过程中,非营利性的企业和慈善机构无需就其筹资能力受到如此严格的制约。
  This prevents socially minded organisations from pursuing their goals as efficiently18 as possible.
  这些法律制约使心系社会的组织无法尽心尽力达成其社会目标。
  Existing laws for co-operatives and mutual19 companies are inadequate20.
  现存法律在合作社法人组织和互助公司方面有所缺失。
  Hence the need for B Corps and other novel structures, goes the argument.
  所以,乔伊纳德这类人士认为,有必要构建互益性企业和其它创新的组织结构。
  There is no tax advantage to being a B Corp, but there is to some of the new legal structures.
  互益性企业在税收方面不享有任何优势,而一些新型的法律结构组织则有退税优势。
  Whether these new legal forms will change business that much remains21 to be seen.
  这些新型的法律结构组织是否能如预期一样改变商业的本质有待于时间的见证。
  Supporters of existing corporate law say it does not prevent firms, if they so wish, from setting social and environmental goals or rigorously reporting on their performance in delivering them—and that pursuing profit is often the best way to benefit society.
  现存公司法的拥趸认为现存法律框架并未妨碍有此类理念的公司设定社会及环境目标、在达成此类目标的过程中也不会导致业绩严重滑坡——并且,企业盈利就是对社会回馈的最佳方式。
  Nor is it clear how much difference in practice will be made by the obligation of a B Corp to weigh interests other than profits.
  互益性公司将社会和环境利益优于盈利的法律责任在实践中到底会产生多少差异也尚不明朗。
  How does one measure such things?
  而这类理念该如何权衡呢?
  What counts for more: a clean lake or a happy neighbour?
  一条清澈的湖泊和一个和睦的社区,这两者到底哪个更重要?
  Mr Chouinard argues that making a firm's social mission explicit in its legal structure makes it harder for a new boss or owner to abandon it.
  乔伊纳德认为,将企业的社会目标在其法律构架中载明之后,该企业的新老板或新所有人就会难以放弃这一目标。
  Perhaps so. B Corps will be tested in the market.
  也许确实如此。市场会考验互益性公司。
  Anyone who feels inspired by a B Corp's mission is free to invest in its shares, or work for it.
  那些被互益性公司目标所鼓舞的人士,欢迎随时投资或入职。

点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 corps pzzxv     
n.(通信等兵种的)部队;(同类作的)一组
参考例句:
  • The medical corps were cited for bravery in combat.医疗队由于在战场上的英勇表现而受嘉奖。
  • When the war broke out,he volunteered for the Marine Corps.战争爆发时,他自愿参加了海军陆战队。
2 momentum DjZy8     
n.动力,冲力,势头;动量
参考例句:
  • We exploit the energy and momentum conservation laws in this way.我们就是这样利用能量和动量守恒定律的。
  • The law of momentum conservation could supplant Newton's third law.动量守恒定律可以取代牛顿第三定律。
3 spikes jhXzrc     
n.穗( spike的名词复数 );跑鞋;(防滑)鞋钉;尖状物v.加烈酒于( spike的第三人称单数 );偷偷地给某人的饮料加入(更多)酒精( 或药物);把尖状物钉入;打乱某人的计划
参考例句:
  • a row of iron spikes on a wall 墙头的一排尖铁
  • There is a row of spikes on top of the prison wall to prevent the prisoners escaping. 监狱墙头装有一排尖钉,以防犯人逃跑。 来自《简明英汉词典》
4 peeves f84f0b6cdb5c3a5b43185dcd53adbfa9     
n.麻烦的事物,怨恨,触怒( peeve的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • It peeves me to be ordered out of my own house. 命令我从自己的家中出去,真太气人了。 来自辞典例句
  • Write down two of your pet peeves about home or any other situation. 写下两个你厌烦的家务事或其他的情况。 来自超越目标英语 第3册
5 Founder wigxF     
n.创始者,缔造者
参考例句:
  • He was extolled as the founder of their Florentine school.他被称颂为佛罗伦萨画派的鼻祖。
  • According to the old tradition,Romulus was the founder of Rome.按照古老的传说,罗穆卢斯是古罗马的建国者。
6 explicit IhFzc     
adj.详述的,明确的;坦率的;显然的
参考例句:
  • She was quite explicit about why she left.她对自己离去的原因直言不讳。
  • He avoids the explicit answer to us.他避免给我们明确的回答。
7 binding 2yEzWb     
有约束力的,有效的,应遵守的
参考例句:
  • The contract was not signed and has no binding force. 合同没有签署因而没有约束力。
  • Both sides have agreed that the arbitration will be binding. 双方都赞同仲裁具有约束力。
8 fiduciary AkFxB     
adj.受托的,信托的
参考例句:
  • A company director owes a fiduciary duty to the company.公司董事应对公司负责受托人责任。
  • He was acting in a fiduciary capacity.他以受托人身份行为。
9 shareholders 7d3b0484233cf39bc3f4e3ebf97e69fe     
n.股东( shareholder的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • The meeting was attended by 90% of shareholders. 90%的股东出席了会议。
  • the company's fiduciary duty to its shareholders 公司对股东负有的受托责任
10 corporate 7olzl     
adj.共同的,全体的;公司的,企业的
参考例句:
  • This is our corporate responsibility.这是我们共同的责任。
  • His corporate's life will be as short as a rabbit's tail.他的公司的寿命是兔子尾巴长不了。
11 outfit YJTxC     
n.(为特殊用途的)全套装备,全套服装
参考例句:
  • Jenney bought a new outfit for her daughter's wedding.珍妮为参加女儿的婚礼买了一套新装。
  • His father bought a ski outfit for him on his birthday.他父亲在他生日那天给他买了一套滑雪用具。
12 retirement TWoxH     
n.退休,退职
参考例句:
  • She wanted to enjoy her retirement without being beset by financial worries.她想享受退休生活而不必为金钱担忧。
  • I have to put everything away for my retirement.我必须把一切都积蓄起来以便退休后用。
13 retailer QjjzzO     
n.零售商(人)
参考例句:
  • What are the retailer requirements?零售商会有哪些要求呢?
  • The retailer has assembled a team in Shanghai to examine the question.这家零售商在上海组建了一支团队研究这个问题。
14 maker DALxN     
n.制造者,制造商
参考例句:
  • He is a trouble maker,You must be distant with him.他是个捣蛋鬼,你不要跟他在一起。
  • A cabinet maker must be a master craftsman.家具木工必须是技艺高超的手艺人。
15 detergents 2f4a6c42e9c2663b781bda4f769407b9     
n.洗涤剂( detergent的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Such detergents do not yellow the wool as alkali tends to do. 这种洗涤剂不会象碱那样使羊毛发黄。 来自辞典例句
  • Development of detergents has required optimization of the surfactants structure. 发展洗涤剂时,要求使用最恰当的表面活性剂结构。 来自辞典例句
16 brewing eaabd83324a59add9a6769131bdf81b5     
n. 酿造, 一次酿造的量 动词brew的现在分词形式
参考例句:
  • It was obvious that a big storm was brewing up. 很显然,一场暴风雨正在酝酿中。
  • She set about brewing some herb tea. 她动手泡一些药茶。
17 impetus L4uyj     
n.推动,促进,刺激;推动力
参考例句:
  • This is the primary impetus behind the economic recovery.这是促使经济复苏的主要动力。
  • Her speech gave an impetus to my ideas.她的讲话激发了我的思绪。
18 efficiently ZuTzXQ     
adv.高效率地,有能力地
参考例句:
  • The worker oils the machine to operate it more efficiently.工人给机器上油以使机器运转更有效。
  • Local authorities have to learn to allocate resources efficiently.地方政府必须学会有效地分配资源。
19 mutual eFOxC     
adj.相互的,彼此的;共同的,共有的
参考例句:
  • We must pull together for mutual interest.我们必须为相互的利益而通力合作。
  • Mutual interests tied us together.相互的利害关系把我们联系在一起。
20 inadequate 2kzyk     
adj.(for,to)不充足的,不适当的
参考例句:
  • The supply is inadequate to meet the demand.供不应求。
  • She was inadequate to the demands that were made on her.她还无力满足对她提出的各项要求。
21 remains 1kMzTy     
n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹
参考例句:
  • He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
  • The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。
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