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经济学人125:空中交通系统现代化进程任重道远

时间:2014-02-09 07:42来源:互联网 提供网友:mapleleaf   字体: [ ]
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   Business Aviation Flight to the future

  商业 航空 飞向未来
  Modernising creaking air-traffic systems will be a huge task
  空中交通系统现代化进程任重道远
  THESE days a $15,000 car comes with GPS satellite navigation fitted as standard.
  如今一辆价值15,000美元的车子配备GPS卫星导航系统已经是司空见惯。
  But a $150m airliner1 still has to be guided through the skies by spoken instructions from a bloke with a radio in a control tower.
  但是一架1.5亿美元的飞机却仍然要通过接受控制塔的无线电设备的语音指令航行。
  That is because air-traffic management (ATM) systems are stuck in the 1950s.
  其原因在于现行的空中交通管理系统(ATM)还停滞在20世纪50年代。
  Instead of flying straight, planes must zigzag2 from one ground beacon3 to the next, and ascend4 and descend5 in steps, at each stage obtaining permission from the ground.
  从一个地面信标到另一个, 飞机必须蜿蜒飞行而不是直线飞行,一会升一会降,而这每一个步骤飞机都需要从地面取得许可。
  The controllers' radar6 only shows planes' approximate positions, so they must space them well apart.
  并且,因为雷达只显示飞机的大概位置,所以控制员必须从很远的地方来定位。
  All this wastes fuel and causes congestion7 and delays.
  所有这些都导致了燃油的浪费,还会造成交通拥堵和延误。
  The average flight in European airspace is 50km (31 miles) longer than it need be.
  在欧洲,飞机运行的距离平均都要比实际所需距离长50公里(31英里)。
  So the world's aviation authorities are seeking to modernise8 the whole system, streamlining the routing of flights and providing much more real-time information to pilots and controllers.
  因此,全世界的航空当局正致力于革新整个航空系统,使航行路线更为顺畅,提供飞行员和管制员更加及时的信息。
  This could lead to huge orders for electronics firms, which is why, in his recent jobs speech, President Barack Obama called for $1 billion of extra cash to speed up America's ATM-modernisation project, NextGen.
  电子工业也会紧跟着收到巨额订单,这就是为什么奥巴马总统在最近的就业报告中提出要用额外的10亿美元来加速发展美国的航空交通管理系统现代化项目 - 下一代(NexGen)。
  A study by consultants9 from McKinsey of Europe's equivalent project, SESAR, finds that its costs should be dwarfed10 by the fuel savings11 and the economic boost from squeezing more flights into Europe's busy skies.
  麦肯锡公司的咨询顾问通过研究欧洲相类似的一个项目(SESAR)发现系统现代化以后节省的燃油费用,以及更多航班加入带来的经济效益要远远超过项目的投入。
  America stands to make similar gains.
  这项发现也适用于美国。
  It is in everyone's interest to invest in modernisation, but the airlines are wary12:
  投资现代化总是回报颇丰,但是航空业却并非如此:
  several times in recent history they have bought expensive kit13 only to find they cannot use it because controllers have failed to upgrade their equipment to match.
  在近代历史上,人们好几次购买了非常昂贵的设配,却发现这些设配根本没用,因为控制设配没有升级,所以不能与之配套。
  These sorts of ambitious projects to introduce new technology, with countless14 participants, are prone15 to cock-ups.
  这些雄心勃勃的项目引进新的技术,还有不计其数的参与者,却常常一团糟。
  Those involved in ATM modernisation want to avoid what happened when mobile-phone standards were set, with different countries ending up with incompatible16 systems.
  先前在设置手机标准的时候,每个国家最后都设立了自己的系统标准,和其他国家的系统都互不兼容,参与空中交通管理系统(ATM)现代化的人希望不会重蹈覆辙。
  To guard against that risk, the UN's International Civil Aviation Organisation17 (ICAO) has just held a summit in Montreal, at which it divided the long list of ATM modernisation projects into manageable chunks18, on which the world's aviation authorities will try to agree standards, one at a time.
  为了避免此类风险,联合国的国际民用航空组织(ICAO)刚刚在蒙特利尔举行峰会, 在这次峰会上,ICAO把ATM现代化项目分成一个个更易于管理操作的阶段目标,而在这些阶段目标上,全世界的航空当局将会达成世界共同的标准。
  The process has started well, though developing countries are said to worry about rich countries imposing19 costly20 programmes on them.
  目前这一计划已经开始起步,与此同时,发展中国家很担心发达国家会将昂贵的项目强加给他们。
  Agreeing on technical standards will be difficult enough.
  统一技术标准已经是一件非常困难的事,
  Harder still, says Nancy Graham, an ICAO official, will be paying for it all. Officials in Brussels talk of providing

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1 airliner Azxz9v     
n.客机,班机
参考例句:
  • The pilot landed the airliner safely.驾驶员使客机安全着陆。
  • The passengers were shepherded across the tarmac to the airliner.旅客们被引导走过跑道去上飞机。
2 zigzag Hf6wW     
n.曲折,之字形;adj.曲折的,锯齿形的;adv.曲折地,成锯齿形地;vt.使曲折;vi.曲折前行
参考例句:
  • The lightning made a zigzag in the sky.闪电在天空划出一道Z字形。
  • The path runs zigzag up the hill.小径向山顶蜿蜒盘旋。
3 beacon KQays     
n.烽火,(警告用的)闪火灯,灯塔
参考例句:
  • The blink of beacon could be seen for miles.灯塔的光亮在数英里之外都能看见。
  • The only light over the deep black sea was the blink shone from the beacon.黑黢黢的海面上唯一的光明就只有灯塔上闪现的亮光了。
4 ascend avnzD     
vi.渐渐上升,升高;vt.攀登,登上
参考例句:
  • We watched the airplane ascend higher and higher.我们看着飞机逐渐升高。
  • We ascend in the order of time and of development.我们按时间和发展顺序向上溯。
5 descend descend     
vt./vi.传下来,下来,下降
参考例句:
  • I hope the grace of God would descend on me.我期望上帝的恩惠。
  • We're not going to descend to such methods.我们不会沦落到使用这种手段。
6 radar kTUxx     
n.雷达,无线电探测器
参考例句:
  • They are following the flight of an aircraft by radar.他们正在用雷达追踪一架飞机的飞行。
  • Enemy ships were detected on the radar.敌舰的影像已显现在雷达上。
7 congestion pYmy3     
n.阻塞,消化不良
参考例句:
  • The congestion in the city gets even worse during the summer.夏天城市交通阻塞尤为严重。
  • Parking near the school causes severe traffic congestion.在学校附近泊车会引起严重的交通堵塞。
8 modernise modernise     
vt.使现代化
参考例句:
  • If it works,it would help to modernise the entire economy.这项(改革)一旦实施起效,将有助于整体经济的现代化进程。
  • They attempted in vain to modernise these antiquated industries.他们企图使这些陈旧的工业现代化,结果劳而无功。
9 consultants c6fbb5ca6219111731f9c4c4d2675810     
顾问( consultant的名词复数 ); 高级顾问医生,会诊医生
参考例句:
  • a firm of management consultants 管理咨询公司
  • There're many consultants in hospital. 医院里有很多会诊医生。
10 dwarfed cf071ea166e87f1dffbae9401a9e8953     
vt.(使)显得矮小(dwarf的过去式与过去分词形式)
参考例句:
  • The old houses were dwarfed by the huge new tower blocks. 这些旧房子在新建的高楼大厦的映衬下显得十分矮小。
  • The elephant dwarfed the tortoise. 那只乌龟跟那头象相比就显得很小。 来自《简明英汉词典》
11 savings ZjbzGu     
n.存款,储蓄
参考例句:
  • I can't afford the vacation,for it would eat up my savings.我度不起假,那样会把我的积蓄用光的。
  • By this time he had used up all his savings.到这时,他的存款已全部用完。
12 wary JMEzk     
adj.谨慎的,机警的,小心的
参考例句:
  • He is wary of telling secrets to others.他谨防向他人泄露秘密。
  • Paula frowned,suddenly wary.宝拉皱了皱眉头,突然警惕起来。
13 kit D2Rxp     
n.用具包,成套工具;随身携带物
参考例句:
  • The kit consisted of about twenty cosmetic items.整套工具包括大约20种化妆用品。
  • The captain wants to inspect your kit.船长想检查你的行装。
14 countless 7vqz9L     
adj.无数的,多得不计其数的
参考例句:
  • In the war countless innocent people lost their lives.在这场战争中无数无辜的人丧失了性命。
  • I've told you countless times.我已经告诉你无数遍了。
15 prone 50bzu     
adj.(to)易于…的,很可能…的;俯卧的
参考例句:
  • Some people are prone to jump to hasty conclusions.有些人往往作出轻率的结论。
  • He is prone to lose his temper when people disagree with him.人家一不同意他的意见,他就发脾气。
16 incompatible y8oxu     
adj.不相容的,不协调的,不相配的
参考例句:
  • His plan is incompatible with my intent.他的计划与我的意图不相符。
  • Speed and safety are not necessarily incompatible.速度和安全未必不相容。
17 organisation organisation     
n.组织,安排,团体,有机休
参考例句:
  • The method of his organisation work is worth commending.他的组织工作的方法值得称道。
  • His application for membership of the organisation was rejected.他想要加入该组织的申请遭到了拒绝。
18 chunks a0e6aa3f5109dc15b489f628b2f01028     
厚厚的一块( chunk的名词复数 ); (某物)相当大的数量或部分
参考例句:
  • a tin of pineapple chunks 一罐菠萝块
  • Those chunks of meat are rather large—could you chop them up a bIt'smaller? 这些肉块相当大,还能再切小一点吗?
19 imposing 8q9zcB     
adj.使人难忘的,壮丽的,堂皇的,雄伟的
参考例句:
  • The fortress is an imposing building.这座城堡是一座宏伟的建筑。
  • He has lost his imposing appearance.他已失去堂堂仪表。
20 costly 7zXxh     
adj.昂贵的,价值高的,豪华的
参考例句:
  • It must be very costly to keep up a house like this.维修这么一幢房子一定很昂贵。
  • This dictionary is very useful,only it is a bit costly.这本词典很有用,左不过贵了些。
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