经济学人:两大高面值现钞被禁 印度陷入货币兑换恐慌潮(下)

 　　Against that, the black-money crackdown will probably dent¹ (or worse) already-fragile property prices, especially in big cities—and so the value of the collateral² the banks lend against.

　　相反地，对黑钱的取缔将可能会降低岌岌可危的房价，特别是在大城市，以及削弱银行借贷抵押品的价值。

　　Most economists³ expect the dislocation to dampen growth in the short-term.

　　大多数经济学家预计这种混乱会在短期内抑制经济增长。

　　Households will probably put off big-ticket purchases such as motorbikes or white goods.

　　家家户户将可能会推迟购买高价品，例如摩托车或者大型家用电器。

　　Jewellers, doctors and others in professions where cash still rules will also be hard hit.

　　对于珠宝商、医生以及其他与现金息息相关行业的影响也许会尤为严重。

　　Political parties hoarding⁴ cash for election-time handouts⁵ to voters will have to tidy up their finances.

　　为了在竞选时期吸引投票者而囤积现金的政党将不得不理清他们的财政。

　　Even e-commerce sites like Amazon will be affected⁶: over two-thirds of their sales are settled by the buyers in cash on delivery.

　　即使是像亚马逊的电商网站也将会受到影响：他们超过三分之二的商品销售都是买家用货到付款。

　　A new, shady line of work is already emerging: opportunists are said to be snapping up 1,000-rupee notes at a deep discount from those with too much stashed⁷ cash to declare.

　　一种全新的、名声不好的行业已经浮出水面：据说机会主义者从那些藏匿巨额现金待出手的人手中用巨大的折扣抢购1000卢比。

　　They will profit handsomely if they can find smaller savers willing to swap⁸ the old notes for new ones on their behalf, for a fee.

　　如果人们能够找到为了自己利益愿意用旧纸币交换新纸币的较小型储户，他们将获取丰厚的奖金。

　　The government has indicated it is gunning for those with suitcases full of rupees rather than merely a few stapled⁹ or elastic-banded wads.

　　政府已经表示他们针对的是那些拥有成箱卢比的人，而不是仅仅只有几捆用松紧带绑起来的钞票。

　　Some aspects of the plan are difficult to fathom¹⁰.

　　这个计划的一些方面是难以揣测的。

　　Prominent economists, such as Kenneth Rogoff of Harvard University, are keen to scrap¹¹ big-denomination notes altogether.

　　一些著名经济学家，如哈佛大学的Kenneth Rogoff，都倾向于去完全废除大额钞票。

　　But India will merely replace them.

　　但是，印度将仅仅只是去进行更替。

　　Worse, it will add a 2,000-rupee series—introducing a note that will have few conceivable uses other than mattress-stuffing, smuggling¹² or gambling¹³ (getting change for even a 500-rupee note is already close to impossible) .

　　更糟糕的是，他们将增加面额2000卢比的钞票，除了塞在床垫下面，进行走私和赌博使用之外，很难想象这些钞票会用在什么地方（因为即使是将500卢比的钞票兑换零钱已经几乎不可能）

　　The timing¹⁴ is also odd.

　　这个时机也是很奇怪的。

　　India has recently introduced a system that makes it easy for anybody to make or receive payments from their mobile phone, whether they be businesses or individuals.

　　印度最近已经推行了一种能够让人们通过自己手机进行付款和收款更为便捷的系统，可以用于商业用途或者是个人目的。

　　But the Unified¹⁵ Payments Interface¹⁶, as it is known, is still in the early stages of implementation¹⁷, so cannot really help overcome the current cash-crunch.

　　但是，众所周知的统一支付界面（UPI）仍然在推行的初期阶段，所以不可能真的帮助克服目前的现金危机。

　　Mr Modi also took the cash out of circulation just as polls opened in America, eventually roiling¹⁸ markets.

　　同时莫迪先生让现金退出流通，恰逢在美国开展的民意调查，最终席卷了市场。

　　Cancelling banknotes is usually the work of desperate or misguided regimes. This looks different.

　　废除纸钞一般是穷途末路或者错误领导政权的产物，这次看上去略显不同。

　　Indeed, the assault on black money is justified¹⁹ and overdue²⁰.

　　的确，这次对黑钱的打击是合情合理却稍稍显得有些晚了。

　　But governments change the rules on the world’s simplest financial instrument—the humble²¹ banknote—at their peril²².

　　但是，政府却冒着风险而改变了世界最简单金融工具的规则，即普通的纸钞。

　　Gold is already favoured by those who want to keep their savings²³ beyond the reach of government and taxman.

　　那些想要让他们的积蓄摆脱政府和收税员控制的人大力推崇黄金。

　　Gold bugs²⁴ may feel vindicated²⁵; others will have taken note.

　　黄金投资者可能会认为自己是正确的，而其他人会赶紧兑换完钞票。

　　1.put off 推迟

　　例句:Women who put off having a baby often make the best mothers

　　晚育的女性经常会成为最优秀的母亲。

　　2.take note of 注意

　　例句:As we descend²⁶, we take note of the angler fish.

　　随着我们的下潜，我们注意到了琵琶鱼。

　　3.black money 黑钱

　　例句:Some reckon firms are over-invoicing for exports to ship black money back into the country.

　　有些人猜想一些公司在虚报出口好把黑钱运回来。

　　4.snap up 抢购；匆匆吃下

　　例句:I'd snap up his offer if I were you.

　　如果我是你，我就会抓住机会接受他的提议。

1 dent   

n.凹痕，凹坑；初步进展

参考例句：

• I don't know how it came about but I've got a dent in the rear of my car.我不知道是怎么回事，但我的汽车后部有了一个凹痕。
• That dent is not big enough to be worth hammering out.那个凹陷不大，用不着把它锤平。

2 collateral   

adj.平行的；旁系的；n.担保品

参考例句：

• Many people use personal assets as collateral for small business loans.很多人把个人财产用作小额商业贷款的抵押品。
• Most people here cannot borrow from banks because they lack collateral.由于拿不出东西作为抵押，这里大部分人无法从银行贷款。

3 economists   

n.经济学家，经济专家( economist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The sudden rise in share prices has confounded economists. 股价的突然上涨使经济学家大惑不解。
• Foreign bankers and economists cautiously welcomed the minister's initiative. 外国银行家和经济学家对部长的倡议反应谨慎。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 hoarding   

n.贮藏；积蓄；临时围墙；囤积v.积蓄并储藏（某物）( hoard的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• After the war, they were shot for hoarding. 战后他们因囤积而被枪决。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Actually he had two unused ones which he was hoarding up. 其实他还藏了两片没有用呢。 来自英汉文学

5 handouts   

救济品( handout的名词复数 )； 施舍物； 印刷品； 讲义

参考例句：

• Soldiers oversee the food handouts. 士兵们看管着救济食品。
• Even after losing his job, he was too proud to accept handouts. 甚至在失去工作后，他仍然很骄傲，不愿接受施舍。

6 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

7 stashed   

v.贮藏( stash的过去式和过去分词 )；隐藏；藏匿；藏起

参考例句：

• She has a fortune stashed away in various bank accounts. 她有一大笔钱存在几个不同的银行账户下。
• She has a fortune stashed away in various bank accounts. 她在不同的银行账户上秘密储存了一大笔钱。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 swap   

n.交换；vt.交换，用...作交易

参考例句：

• I will swap you my bicycle for your radio.我想拿我的自行车换你的收音机。
• This comic was a swap that I got from Nick.这本漫画书是我从尼克那里换来的。

9 stapled   

v.用钉书钉钉住( staple的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The letter was stapled to the other documents in the file. 这封信与案卷里的其他文件钉在一起。 来自辞典例句
• He said with smooth bluntness and shoved a stack of stapled sheets across his desk. 他以一种圆滑、率直的口气说着，并把一叠订好了的稿纸从他办公桌那边递过来。 来自辞典例句

10 fathom   

v.领悟，彻底了解

参考例句：

• I really couldn't fathom what he was talking about.我真搞不懂他在说些什么。
• What these people hoped to achieve is hard to fathom.这些人希望实现些什么目标难以揣测。

11 scrap   

n.碎片；废料；v.废弃，报废

参考例句：

• A man comes round regularly collecting scrap.有个男人定时来收废品。
• Sell that car for scrap.把那辆汽车当残品卖了吧。

12 smuggling   

n.走私

参考例句：

• Some claimed that the docker's union fronted for the smuggling ring.某些人声称码头工人工会是走私集团的掩护所。
• The evidence pointed to the existence of an international smuggling network.证据表明很可能有一个国际走私网络存在。

13 gambling   

n.赌博；投机

参考例句：

• They have won a lot of money through gambling.他们赌博赢了很多钱。
• The men have been gambling away all night.那些人赌了整整一夜。

14 timing   

n.时间安排，时间选择

参考例句：

• The timing of the meeting is not convenient.会议的时间安排不合适。
• The timing of our statement is very opportune.我们发表声明选择的时机很恰当。

15 unified   

(unify 的过去式和过去分词)； 统一的； 统一标准的； 一元化的

参考例句：

• The teacher unified the answer of her pupil with hers. 老师核对了学生的答案。
• The First Emperor of Qin unified China in 221 B.C. 秦始皇于公元前221年统一中国。

16 interface   

n.接合部位，分界面；v.(使)互相联系

参考例句：

• My computer has a network interface,which allows me to get to other computers.我的计算机有网络接口可以与其它计算机连在一起。
• This program has perspicuous interface and extensive application. 该程序界面明了，适用范围广。

17 implementation   

n.实施，贯彻

参考例句：

• Implementation of the program is now well underway.这一项目的实施现在行情看好。

18 roiling   

v.搅混（液体）( roil的现在分词 )；使烦恼；使不安；使生气

参考例句：

• Now, all that could be seen was the roiling, lead--coloured sea, with its thunderously heaving waves. 狂风挟着暴雨如同弥漫大雾，排挞呼号，在海上恣意奔驶。 来自汉英文学 - 现代散文
• Rather, it is a roiling, seething cauldron of evanescent particles. 相反，它是一个不断翻滚、剧烈沸腾的大锅，内有逐渐消失的粒子。 来自互联网

19 justified   

a.正当的，有理的

参考例句：

• She felt fully justified in asking for her money back. 她认为有充分的理由要求退款。
• The prisoner has certainly justified his claims by his actions. 那个囚犯确实已用自己的行动表明他的要求是正当的。

20 overdue   

adj.过期的，到期未付的；早该有的，迟到的

参考例句：

• The plane is overdue and has been delayed by the bad weather.飞机晚点了，被坏天气耽搁了。
• The landlady is angry because the rent is overdue.女房东生气了，因为房租过期未付。

21 humble   

adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低

参考例句：

• In my humble opinion,he will win the election.依我拙见，他将在选举中获胜。
• Defeat and failure make people humble.挫折与失败会使人谦卑。

22 peril   

n.(严重的)危险；危险的事物

参考例句：

• The refugees were in peril of death from hunger.难民有饿死的危险。
• The embankment is in great peril.河堤岌岌可危。

23 savings   

n.存款，储蓄

参考例句：

• I can't afford the vacation,for it would eat up my savings.我度不起假，那样会把我的积蓄用光的。
• By this time he had used up all his savings.到这时，他的存款已全部用完。

24 bugs   

adj.疯狂的，发疯的n.窃听器( bug的名词复数 )；病菌；虫子；[计算机]（制作软件程序所产生的意料不到的）错误

参考例句：

• All programs have bugs and need endless refinement. 所有的程序都有漏洞，都需要不断改进。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The sacks of rice were swarming with bugs. 一袋袋的米里长满了虫子。 来自《简明英汉词典》

25 vindicated   

v.澄清（某人/某事物）受到的责难或嫌疑( vindicate的过去式和过去分词 )；表明或证明（所争辩的事物）属实、正当、有效等；维护

参考例句：

• I have every confidence that this decision will be fully vindicated. 我完全相信这一决定的正确性将得到充分证明。
• Subsequent events vindicated the policy. 后来的事实证明那政策是对的。 来自《简明英汉词典》

26 descend   

vt./vi.传下来，下来，下降

参考例句：

• I hope the grace of God would descend on me.我期望上帝的恩惠。
• We're not going to descend to such methods.我们不会沦落到使用这种手段。