经济学人:脸书和慈善:我有我方式

 　　Finance and economics: Facebook and philanthropy I'll give it my way

　　财经：脸书和慈善，我有我方式

　　Mark Zuckerberg finds another way to share.

　　马克·扎克伯格找到了另一种分享财富的方式。

　　Many people take to social media to share news of big events.

　　许多人喜欢在社交媒体上分享重大新闻事件。

　　扎克伯格脸书与慈善.jpg

　　On December 1st Facebook's boss, Mark Zuckerberg, followed in the tradition he helped create, when he and his wife, Priscilla Chan, announced the birth of their daughter on the social-networking site, along with news that they will give away the majority of their fortune during their lifetimes.

　　脸书创始人马克·扎克伯格不仅推动了这一潮流，还以这一时下流行的方式于12月1日和妻子普林希拉·陈一同在脸书上宣布女儿诞生，并且将捐赠他们毕身的绝大部分财富。

　　Around 99% of the shares they own in Facebook, which today are worth around $45 billion, will go into the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative (CZI) .

　　约99%的Facebook股份，目前价值约450亿美元。这笔钱将花在“陈·扎克伯格倡议”上。

　　Their aim, they wrote, is to improve the world for their daughter and future generations.

　　他们写道，他们的主旨在改善女儿与后代生活的世界。

　　For now, the move allows Mr Zuckerberg to relinquish¹ wealth, but not control, as he will retain the votes associated with any shares transferred to CZI.

　　目前，扎克伯格的这一举动是出让财富，但并不是不加控制，因为任何转移到CZI的股份将全部归其所有。

　　He anticipates remaining the controlling stakeholder of Facebook “for the foreseeable future”, and plans to sell, or give away, no more than $1 billion of Facebook stock each year for the next three years.

　　他期望能在“可预见的将来”继续保持对脸书的控股，并计划在未来三年内每年出售或捐赠近10亿美元的脸书股份。

　　Mr Zuckerberg is far from the first tech titan to pledge billions to philanthropic activities, but he is following a slightly different path to Bill Gates, Microsoft's founder².

　　扎克伯格先生绝不是第一位承诺用数亿美元做慈善的科技巨人。但是，他与微软创始人——比尔·盖茨做慈善的方式有着些许的不同。

　　Whereas the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation is a registered charity, the Zuckerbergs' CZI will be a limited liability company (LLC) .

　　CZI将是一个有限责任公司，而比尔和梅琳达·盖茨基金会是一家已注册的慈善机构。

　　Although charitable status comes with alluring³ tax breaks, strings⁴ are attached.

　　虽然慈善机构的身份能够享受诱人的减税政策，却有限制并存。

　　Unlike charities, LLCs can lobby without restriction⁵; the Zuckerbergs have said that CZI will get involved in policy debates.

　　与慈善机构不同，有限责任公司可以不受约束地进行游说；扎克伯格夫妇说过，CZI将参与政治辩论。

　　The other flexibility⁶ LLC status allows is the freedom to invest in for-profit ventures that have a big social impact.

　　有限责任公司的身份拥有的另一个灵活点是，可以不受限制地投资具有巨大社会影响力的盈利企业。

　　In this, the Zuckerbergs are following in the footsteps of Pierre Omidyar, founder of eBay, an online marketplace, who grew frustrated⁷ by the constraints⁸ of charitable status.

　　这一点，扎克伯格追随的是易贝网创始人——皮埃尔·奥米迪亚的脚步，慈善机构的身份做起事来有限制，皮埃尔对此大为不满。

　　Mr Omidyar now oversees⁹ the Omidyar Network, which has for-profit and non-profit arms.

　　奥米迪亚先生现在监管者拥有非盈利部门和盈利部门的奥米迪亚网络公司。

　　Will Fitzpatrick, designer of this hybrid¹⁰ structure, claims that the for-profit arm can more easily invest in things that can be scaled up quickly.

　　这一混合结构的设计者——威尔·菲茨帕特里克声称，以营利为目的的部门在投资某些东西时，更易使其迅速扩大规模产业化。

　　He gives the example of an investment in a solar lantern that cost less than $10 a unit, which meant people did not have to burn dangerous kerosene¹¹, and which he says would have been technically¹² difficult to achieve through a private foundation.

　　他列举了一个投资太阳能灯的例子，每个太阳能灯的成本不到10美元，这意味着人们将无需使用危险的煤油了，他认为如果由私立基金会去做这个项目的话会遇到技术上的难题。

　　1.social media 社交媒体

　　例句:We have all witnessed the power of social media.

　　我们见证了社交媒体的实力。

　　2.take to 喜欢；偏向

　　例句:They had taken to wandering through the streets arm-in-arm.

　　他们养成了挽着胳膊逛街的习惯。

　　3.along with 伴随

　　例句:He came along with some friends.

　　他和几个朋友一道来的。

　　4.social impact 社会影响

　　例句:The economic and social impact has been devastating¹³.

　　这种现象的经济和社会影响是毁灭性的。

1 relinquish   

v.放弃，撤回，让与，放手

参考例句：

• He was forced to relinquish control of the company.他被迫放弃公司的掌控权。
• They will never voluntarily relinquish their independence.他们绝对不会自动放弃独立。

2 Founder   

n.创始者，缔造者

参考例句：

• He was extolled as the founder of their Florentine school.他被称颂为佛罗伦萨画派的鼻祖。
• According to the old tradition,Romulus was the founder of Rome.按照古老的传说，罗穆卢斯是古罗马的建国者。

3 alluring   

adj.吸引人的，迷人的

参考例句：

• The life in a big city is alluring for the young people. 大都市的生活对年轻人颇具诱惑力。
• Lisette's large red mouth broke into a most alluring smile. 莉莎特的鲜红的大嘴露出了一副极为诱人的微笑。

4 strings   

n.弦

参考例句：

• He sat on the bed,idly plucking the strings of his guitar.他坐在床上，随意地拨着吉他的弦。
• She swept her fingers over the strings of the harp.她用手指划过竖琴的琴弦。

5 restriction   

n.限制，约束

参考例句：

• The park is open to the public without restriction.这个公园对公众开放，没有任何限制。
• The 30 mph speed restriction applies in all built-up areas.每小时限速30英里适用于所有建筑物聚集区。

6 flexibility   

n.柔韧性，弹性，（光的）折射性，灵活性

参考例句：

• Her great strength lies in her flexibility.她的优势在于她灵活变通。
• The flexibility of a man's muscles will lessen as he becomes old.人老了肌肉的柔韧性将降低。

7 frustrated   

adj.挫败的，失意的，泄气的v.使不成功( frustrate的过去式和过去分词 )；挫败；使受挫折；令人沮丧

参考例句：

• It's very easy to get frustrated in this job. 这个工作很容易令人懊恼。
• The bad weather frustrated all our hopes of going out. 恶劣的天气破坏了我们出行的愿望。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 constraints   

强制( constraint的名词复数 )； 限制； 约束

参考例句：

• Data and constraints can easily be changed to test theories. 信息库中的数据和限制条件可以轻易地改变以检验假设。 来自英汉非文学 - 科学史
• What are the constraints that each of these imply for any design? 这每种产品的要求和约束对于设计意味着什么？ 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓

9 oversees   

v.监督，监视( oversee的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• She oversees both the research and the manufacturing departments. 她既监督研究部门又监督生产部门。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The Department of Education oversees the federal programs dealing with education. 教育部监管处理教育的联邦程序。 来自互联网

10 hybrid   

n.(动，植）杂种，混合物

参考例句：

• That is a hybrid perpetual rose.那是一株杂交的四季开花的蔷薇。
• The hybrid was tall,handsome,and intelligent.那混血儿高大、英俊、又聪明。

11 kerosene   

n.(kerosine)煤油，火油

参考例句：

• It is like putting out a fire with kerosene.这就像用煤油灭火。
• Instead of electricity,there were kerosene lanterns.没有电，有煤油灯。

12 technically   

adv.专门地，技术上地

参考例句：

• Technically it is the most advanced equipment ever.从技术上说，这是最先进的设备。
• The tomato is technically a fruit,although it is eaten as a vegetable.严格地说，西红柿是一种水果，尽管它是当作蔬菜吃的。

13 devastating   

adj.毁灭性的，令人震惊的，强有力的

参考例句：

• It is the most devastating storm in 20 years.这是20年来破坏性最大的风暴。
• Affairs do have a devastating effect on marriages.婚外情确实会对婚姻造成毁灭性的影响。