经济学人300:梵蒂冈和土耳其 永世铭记

 　　The Vatican and Turkey

　　梵蒂冈和土耳其

　　Never forget

　　永世铭记

　　Forthrightness¹ about a past atrocity² provokes a strong reaction

　　直面暴行，一石激起千层浪

　　IN 1915 Pope Benedict XV wrote to Mehmed V, the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, saying that he could hear “the echo of the groans³ of an entire people…subjected to unspeakable sufferings”. When the two leaders'modern-day counterparts met last November at the Turkish presidential palace outside Ankara, those echoes were still audible. According to a new book by Franca Giansoldati, the Vatican-watcher of Il Messaggero, an Italian daily, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Turkey's president, “begged” Pope Francis to refrain from openly characterising the Ottoman Empire's slaughter⁴ of Armenians in 1915 as genocide.

　　1915年教皇本笃十五世致函奥斯曼帝国苏丹—默罕默德五世，言及他能听到“整个民族遭受难以言状痛苦时所发出的呻吟在天际回响。” (一百年后的)今天，当年两大巨头各自的继任者去年11月在土耳其安卡拉外的总统官邸会见时，这种回响仍然久久不散。意大利报纸《信使报》梵蒂冈问题观察家Franca Giansoldati在一本新书中披露：土耳其总统雷杰普塔伊普埃尔多安“恳祈”教皇弗兰西斯不要把1915年奥斯曼帝国屠杀亚美尼亚人的事件公开定性为种族灭绝。

　　梵蒂冈.jpg

　　The pope respected his host's wishes then. But on April 12th he abandoned tact⁵ and referred to the killings⁶ as “the first genocide of the 20th century”. The Turkish government responded with outrage⁷ and recalled its ambassador to the Holy See for consultations⁸. A vote in the European Parliament on April 15th, commending the pope's statement and urging Turkey to recognise the massacres⁹ as genocide, further infuriated Mr Erdogan. “It is not possible for Turkey to accept such a crime, such a sin,” he said.

　　虽然一开始尊重了总统的诉求，但到了4月12日，教皇却撕破脸并将此次屠杀斥之为 “20世纪首屈一指的种族灭绝事件。”土耳其政府大吃一惊,召回了驻梵蒂冈教廷的使节进行磋商。4月15日欧洲议会投票表决支持教皇的声明，并敦促土耳其承认此次屠杀是种族灭绝行为，这更进一步激怒了埃尔多安总统。他说：“土耳其绝不承认这种罪行。”

　　Francis has used the same phrase before, most recently in 2013 when he met an Armenian delegation¹⁰. But that was scarcely reported, and the Turkish authorities merely expressed “disappointment” and called in the Vatican's envoy¹¹ for a ticking-off. This time, he was making a much-awaited speech in front of Armenia's president, Serzh Sargsyan, days before the official centenary commemorations on April 24th.

　　教皇方济各此前也用过相同的措辞，最近一次是在 2013 年接见亚美尼亚代表团时。但这些言论几乎鲜有报道,土耳其政府也仅仅是表示了“失望”,并召会梵蒂冈特使进申斥而已。然而这一次，就在4月24日的正式百年纪念活动开始的前几天，他当着亚美尼亚总统萨尔基相的面发表了这样一个“众望所归”言论。

　　Turkish diplomats¹² are understood to have set themselves two aims as the centenary approached: to stop the mass at which Francis spoke¹³ being held on the day itself, and to prevent him from using the G-word. They gained their first objective. In deciding to deny them their second, the pope and his diplomatic advisers¹⁴ had to weigh opposing factors.

　　百年庆典临近时，土耳其的外交官们心照不宣地为自己设定两个目标：其一是阻止纪念日当天方济各要作演讲的那个群众集会。其二是阻止他用“种族灭绝”的字眼。第一个目标落空了。而要顶住土耳其的第二个诉求，教皇和他的外交顾问不得不权衡对手的实力。

　　The Vatican has long been the venue¹⁵ of a tug-of-war between proponents¹⁶ of careful dialogue with the Islamic world and advocates of bluntness, who feel that tact has got Christians¹⁷ nowhere and that plain speaking is needed, even if it causes offence. The plain-speakers had the upper hand under the previous pope, Benedict XVI. Francis's latest comment suggests they are back in the ascendancy¹⁸.

　　长期以来，梵蒂冈处在一个两难境地：一派主张和伊斯兰世界对话务求谨慎，而另一派则主张直言不讳。后者认为圆滑世故将使得基督徒一事无成，因此即使会招灾惹祸，也须仗义执言。如今，在教皇本笃十六世的领导下，主张直言不讳的人占了上风，方济各最近的言论正表明了这种压倒性优势。

　　1.subject to 使服从，使遭受

　　例句:Already americans are subject to de-facto capital controls.

　　如今美国已经受到变相的资本控制。

　　2.respond with 回应

　　例句:He recently demonstrated a voice-based system that he designed to ask patients about their symptoms and to respond with empathy.

　　他最近展示了自己设计的一个语音系统，它能够询问病人的症状并且富有同情心地回应。

　　3.prevent from 阻止，防止

　　例句:This is related to a secondary consideration: how many bugs¹⁹ did you prevent from reaching manual testing where bugs start to be expensive?

　　这又关联到第二项考虑：在手动测试阶段，错误引发的代价是昂贵的，在此之前，你又究竟阻止了多少错误呢？

　　4.according to 根据，按照；据…所说

　　例句:Saudi arabia is considering two options,according to the official.

　　据这名官员表示，沙特正在考虑两套方案。

1 forthrightness   

正直

参考例句：

• His forthrightness won everyone's approval. 他的率直赢得了大家的好评。

2 atrocity   

n.残暴，暴行

参考例句：

• These people are guilty of acts of great atrocity.这些人犯有令人发指的暴行。
• I am shocked by the atrocity of this man's crimes.这个人行凶手段残忍狠毒使我震惊。

3 groans   

n.呻吟，叹息( groan的名词复数 )；呻吟般的声音v.呻吟( groan的第三人称单数 )；发牢骚；抱怨；受苦

参考例句：

• There were loud groans when he started to sing. 他刚开始歌唱时有人发出了很大的嘘声。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• It was a weird old house, full of creaks and groans. 这是所神秘而可怕的旧宅，到处嘎吱嘎吱作响。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 slaughter   

n.屠杀，屠宰；vt.屠杀，宰杀

参考例句：

• I couldn't stand to watch them slaughter the cattle.我不忍看他们宰牛。
• Wholesale slaughter was carried out in the name of progress.大规模的屠杀在维护进步的名义下进行。

5 tact   

n.机敏，圆滑，得体

参考例句：

• She showed great tact in dealing with a tricky situation.她处理棘手的局面表现得十分老练。
• Tact is a valuable commodity.圆滑老练是很有用处的。

6 killings   

谋杀( killing的名词复数 )； 突然发大财，暴发

参考例句：

• His statement was seen as an allusion to the recent drug-related killings. 他的声明被视为暗指最近与毒品有关的多起凶杀案。
• The government issued a statement condemning the killings. 政府发表声明谴责这些凶杀事件。

7 outrage   

n.暴行，侮辱，愤怒；vt.凌辱，激怒

参考例句：

• When he heard the news he reacted with a sense of outrage.他得悉此事时义愤填膺。
• We should never forget the outrage committed by the Japanese invaders.我们永远都不应该忘记日本侵略者犯下的暴行。

8 consultations   

n.磋商（会议）( consultation的名词复数 )；商讨会；协商会；查找

参考例句：

• Consultations can be arranged at other times by appointment. 磋商可以通过预约安排在其他时间。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• Consultations are under way. 正在进行磋商。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

9 massacres   

大屠杀( massacre的名词复数 )； 惨败

参考例句：

• The time is past for guns and killings and massacres. 动不动就用枪、动不动就杀、大规模屠杀的时代已经过去了。 来自教父部分
• Numberless recent massacres were still vivid in their recollection. 近来那些不可胜数的屠杀，在他们的头脑中记忆犹新。

10 delegation   

n.代表团；派遣

参考例句：

• The statement of our delegation was singularly appropriate to the occasion.我们代表团的声明非常适合时宜。
• We shall inform you of the date of the delegation's arrival.我们将把代表团到达的日期通知你。

11 envoy   

n.使节，使者，代表，公使

参考例句：

• Their envoy showed no sign of responding to our proposals.他们的代表对我方的提议毫无回应的迹象。
• The government has not yet appointed an envoy to the area.政府尚未向这一地区派过外交官。

12 diplomats   

n.外交官( diplomat的名词复数 )；有手腕的人，善于交际的人

参考例句：

• These events led to the expulsion of senior diplomats from the country. 这些事件导致一些高级外交官被驱逐出境。
• The court has no jurisdiction over foreign diplomats living in this country. 法院对驻本国的外交官无裁判权。 来自《简明英汉词典》

13 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

14 advisers   

顾问，劝告者( adviser的名词复数 )； （指导大学新生学科问题等的）指导教授

参考例句：

• a member of the President's favoured circle of advisers 总统宠爱的顾问班子中的一员
• She withdrew to confer with her advisers before announcing a decision. 她先去请教顾问然后再宣布决定。

15 venue   

n.犯罪地点，审判地，管辖地，发生地点，集合地点

参考例句：

• The hall provided a venue for weddings and other functions.大厅给婚礼和其他社会活动提供了场所。
• The chosen venue caused great controversy among the people.人们就审判地点的问题产生了极大的争议。

16 proponents   

n.（某事业、理论等的）支持者，拥护者( proponent的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Reviewing courts were among the most active proponents of hybrid rulemaking procedures. 复审法院是最积极的混合型规则制定程序的建议者。 来自英汉非文学 - 行政法
• Proponents of such opinions were arrested as 'traitors. ' 提倡这种主张的人马上作为“卖国贼”逮捕起来。 来自辞典例句

17 Christians   

n.基督教徒( Christian的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Christians of all denominations attended the conference. 基督教所有教派的人都出席了这次会议。
• His novel about Jesus caused a furore among Christians. 他关于耶稣的小说激起了基督教徒的公愤。

18 ascendancy   

n.统治权，支配力量

参考例句：

• We have had ascendancy over the enemy in the battle.在战斗中我们已占有优势。
• The extremists are gaining ascendancy.极端分子正逐渐占据上风。

19 bugs   

adj.疯狂的，发疯的n.窃听器( bug的名词复数 )；病菌；虫子；[计算机]（制作软件程序所产生的意料不到的）错误

参考例句：

• All programs have bugs and need endless refinement. 所有的程序都有漏洞，都需要不断改进。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The sacks of rice were swarming with bugs. 一袋袋的米里长满了虫子。 来自《简明英汉词典》