经济学人:美国的工作与种族 薪资差距(2)

 　　Assuming their controls are adequate, that would still leave 90% of the wage difference between white workers and ethnic¹ minorities, which was recently estimated to be 14%, unexplained.

　　假设他们的控制条件相同，那么白种人员工和少数族裔之间工资差距（最近的估计结果是14%）剩余的九成仍然原因未知。

　　This could conceivably be the product of discrimination, or of something else.

　　这一结论明显会被当作种族歧视的范例，或者是出于其他目的。

　　Digging out the cause of this curious gap remains² hazardous³.

　　深究这一奇怪差距的原因可能有些冒险。

　　Worse treatment by managers of minority workers may itself encourage slacking, says Philip Cohen, a sociologist⁴ at the University of Maryland.

　　马里兰大学的社会学家Philip Cohen觉得，管理者对少数族裔员工的态度越恶劣，员工的消极怠工情况就会越严重。

　　The authors argue that this point is moot⁵, since self-employed minority workers show similar behaviour, but the difference is not statistically⁶ significant.

　　而论文作者则表示这种说法有待考证，因为个体经营的少数族裔人员也表现出类似的行为，只不过差别微小至可以忽略。

　　A recent experimental approach, in which cashiers in French grocers’ shops were randomly⁷ assigned to more- or less-biased managers, saw greater absences and more sluggish⁹ scanning when working under the unfair bosses.

　　一项最近开展的实验将法国零售商店的店员随机分配至存在不同程度偏见的管理者手下工作，其结果是：在不公正领导者手下工作的店员更容易缺席或怠工。

　　It found that eliminating manager bias⁸ would increase time spent at work by minorities by an estimated 2.5%.

　　根据估算，如果管理人员不存在偏颇现象，员工的实际工作时间将延长2.5%。

　　Uncomfortable though the topic may be, the authors have attempted a rigorous analysis.

　　虽然论题本身会令人稍觉不安，但论文作者的本意是进行严密的学术分析。

　　Denunciations came quickly, however.

　　不过，谴责之声接踵而至。

　　Within hours of publication, Mr Hamermesh received vitriolic¹⁰ messages and was labelled a racist¹¹ in an online forum¹² popular among economists¹³.

　　文章发表后仅仅几个小时，Hamermesh先生便收到了各种言辞尖刻的来信，而且在一个经济学家云集的在线论坛上，他被打上了“种族主义者”的标签。

　　Mr Hamermesh, an avowed¹⁴ progressive, who refers to Donald Trump¹⁵ only by amusing nicknames and resigned from a post at the University of Texas over a state law permitting the open carrying of firearms, finds this unfair.

　　公认的进步分子Hamermesh先生认为这是不公平的，他用昵称来指代唐纳德特朗普，从禁止携带枪支的德克萨斯州大学辞职。

　　He notes that Americans work too much.

　　他认为美国人民工作负担过重。

　　His preferred solution would not be for some groups to work more, but for others to work less.

　　而他建议的解决方案并非让某些人承担更多的工作，而是减轻其他人的工作。

　　1.ethnic minorities 少数民族

　　例句:Ethnic minorities called for an end to racism¹⁶ and for protection of native languages and cultures.

　　少数民族人士呼吁结束种族歧视以及保护本民族语言和文化。

　　2.refers to 引用

　　例句:His statement refers to people in general, not to anyone in particular.

　　他的发言是泛指一般情况，不是针对某一个人的。

　　3.Dig out 掘出；发掘

　　例句:She dug out a photograph from under a pile of papers.

　　她从一堆报纸下面抽出一张照片。

　　4.online forum 在线论坛；网络论坛

　　例句:He took a picture of his injuries and shared it with his friends on an online forum.

　　他拍了张负伤照，并上传到网络论坛上与朋友分享。

1 ethnic   

adj.人种的，种族的，异教徒的

参考例句：

• This music would sound more ethnic if you played it in steel drums.如果你用钢鼓演奏，这首乐曲将更具民族特色。
• The plan is likely only to aggravate ethnic frictions.这一方案很有可能只会加剧种族冲突。

2 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

3 hazardous   

adj.(有)危险的，冒险的；碰运气的

参考例句：

• These conditions are very hazardous for shipping.这些情况对航海非常不利。
• Everybody said that it was a hazardous investment.大家都说那是一次危险的投资。

4 sociologist   

n.研究社会学的人，社会学家

参考例句：

• His mother was a sociologist,researching socialism.他的母亲是个社会学家，研究社会主义。
• Max Weber is a great and outstanding sociologist.马克斯·韦伯是一位伟大的、杰出的社会学家。

5 moot   

v.提出；adj.未决议的；n.大会；辩论会

参考例句：

• The question mooted in the board meeting is still a moot point.那个在董事会上提出讨论的问题仍未决的。
• The oil versus nuclear equation is largely moot.石油和核能之间的关系还很有争议。

6 statistically   

ad.根据统计数据来看，从统计学的观点来看

参考例句：

• The sample of building permits is larger and therefore, statistically satisfying. 建筑许可数的样本比较大，所以统计数据更令人满意。
• The results of each test would have to be statistically independent. 每次试验的结果在统计上必须是独立的。

7 randomly   

adv.随便地，未加计划地

参考例句：

• Within the hot gas chamber, molecules are moving randomly in all directions. 在灼热的气体燃烧室内，分子在各个方向上作无规运动。 来自辞典例句
• Transformed cells are loosely attached, rounded and randomly oriented. 转化细胞则不大贴壁、圆缩并呈杂乱分布。 来自辞典例句

8 bias   

n.偏见，偏心，偏袒；vt.使有偏见

参考例句：

• They are accusing the teacher of political bias in his marking.他们在指控那名教师打分数有政治偏见。
• He had a bias toward the plan.他对这项计划有偏见。

9 sluggish   

adj.懒惰的，迟钝的，无精打采的

参考例句：

• This humid heat makes you feel rather sluggish.这种湿热的天气使人感到懒洋洋的。
• Circulation is much more sluggish in the feet than in the hands.脚部的循环比手部的循环缓慢得多。

10 vitriolic   

adj.硫酸的，尖刻的

参考例句：

• The newspaper launched a vitriolic attack on the president.这家报纸对总统发起了一场恶意的攻击。
• Vitriolic impurity is contained normally in the sewage that vitriolic factory discharges.硫酸厂排放的污水中通常含有硫酸杂质。

11 racist   

n.种族主义者，种族主义分子

参考例句：

• a series of racist attacks 一连串的种族袭击行为
• His speech presented racist ideas under the guise of nationalism. 他的讲话以民族主义为幌子宣扬种族主义思想。

12 forum   

n.论坛，讨论会

参考例句：

• They're holding a forum on new ways of teaching history.他们正在举行历史教学讨论会。
• The organisation would provide a forum where problems could be discussed.这个组织将提供一个可以讨论问题的平台。

13 economists   

n.经济学家，经济专家( economist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The sudden rise in share prices has confounded economists. 股价的突然上涨使经济学家大惑不解。
• Foreign bankers and economists cautiously welcomed the minister's initiative. 外国银行家和经济学家对部长的倡议反应谨慎。 来自《简明英汉词典》

14 avowed   

adj.公开声明的，承认的v.公开声明，承认( avow的过去式和过去分词)

参考例句：

• An aide avowed that the President had known nothing of the deals. 一位助理声明，总统对这些交易一无所知。
• The party's avowed aim was to struggle against capitalist exploitation. 该党公开宣称的宗旨是与资本主义剥削斗争。 来自《简明英汉词典》

15 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

16 racism   

n.民族主义；种族歧视(意识)

参考例句：

• He said that racism is endemic in this country.他说种族主义在该国很普遍。
• Racism causes political instability and violence.种族主义道致政治动荡和暴力事件。