2023年经济学人 肯尼亚血液短缺和摆脱对援助的依赖(1)

A blood shortage and the kicking of an aid addiction¹.

血液短缺和摆脱对援助的依赖。

Tragedy led Mariam Mwinyiusi to open a vein².

一场悲剧让玛丽亚姆·姆温尤西开始献血。

Last year her friend died when she could not get a blood transfusion³ in time.

去年，她的朋友因未能及时输血而去世。

"I can prevent it from happening to another person," she says at a blood bank in Nairobi, Kenya's capital.

她在肯尼亚首都内罗毕的一家血库说：“我可以防止这种情况发生在另一个人身上。”

Blood shortages have been a huge problem in Kenya - and many other parts of sub-Saharan Africa - for years.

多年来，血液短缺一直是肯尼亚和撒哈拉以南非洲许多地区的重大问题。

The cost is untold⁴ suffering, mainly of mothers and children.

它导致了难以形容的的痛苦，受害者主要是母亲和孩子。

Researchers at Imperial College in London found that almost 52% of children in three east African countries admitted to hospital with severe anaemia died if they did not receive blood transfusions⁵ within eight hours.

伦敦帝国理工学院的研究人员发现，在三个东非国家，因严重贫血入院的儿童中，如果未能在8小时内及时输血，死亡率达到近52%。

By contrast, 96% of those who got blood promptly⁶ survived.

相比之下，及时输血的儿童有96%能够幸存。

Other studies found that 26% of women who died in childbirth in sub-Saharan Africa could have been saved, had blood been available.

其他研究发现，如果及时输血，撒哈拉以南非洲地区死于分娩的妇女中有26%可以获救。

The World Health Organization estimates that 65,000 pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa die every year from blood loss.

世界卫生组织估计，撒哈拉以南非洲地区每年有6.5万名孕妇死于失血过多。

Kenya's government reckons that 35% of maternal⁷ deaths in 2020 were linked to blood shortages.

肯尼亚政府估计，2020年35%的产妇因血液短缺而死亡。

There are several reasons why Kenya has so little bottled blood.

肯尼亚的血液如此之少存在几个原因。

Until recently the government spent little on blood drives to attract donors⁸, who tended to show up only when a friend or relative needed a pint⁹.

直到不久之前，政府在吸引献血者献血的活动上投入的资金很少，人们往往只在朋友或亲戚需要输血时才会献一品脱血。

Many worry that if they give to the bank, they could then be left dry, should a relative need a top-up.

许多人担心，如果他们给血库献血，那么如果有人需要足量输血，他们可能会被抽干。

Yet before 2020 most of the funding for Kenya's blood service came from America through the President's Emergency Plan for aids Relief (PEPFAR).

在2020年前，肯尼亚血液服务的大部分资金来自美国的“总统防治艾滋病紧急救援计划”(PEPFAR)。

This focused mainly on ensuring that blood was tested to curb¹⁰ the spread of infections such as HIV, rather than on promoting donations.

该计划的主要目标是对血库的血液进行测试，以遏制艾滋等病毒的传播，而不是呼吁人们献血。

1 addiction   

n.上瘾入迷，嗜好

参考例句：

• He stole money from his parents to feed his addiction.他从父母那儿偷钱以满足自己的嗜好。
• Areas of drug dealing are hellholes of addiction,poverty and murder.贩卖毒品的地区往往是吸毒上瘾、贫困和发生谋杀的地方。

2 vein   

n.血管，静脉；叶脉，纹理；情绪；vt.使成脉络

参考例句：

• The girl is not in the vein for singing today.那女孩今天没有心情唱歌。
• The doctor injects glucose into the patient's vein.医生把葡萄糖注射入病人的静脉。

3 transfusion   

n.输血，输液

参考例句：

• She soon came to her senses after a blood transfusion.输血后不久她就苏醒了。
• The doctor kept him alive by a blood transfusion.医生靠输血使他仍然活着。

4 untold   

adj.数不清的，无数的

参考例句：

• She has done untold damage to our chances.她给我们的机遇造成了不可估量的损害。
• They suffered untold terrors in the dark and huddled together for comfort.他们遭受着黑暗中的难以言传的种种恐怖，因而只好挤在一堆互相壮胆。

5 transfusions   

n.输血( transfusion的名词复数 )；输液；倾注；渗透

参考例句：

• Still, transfusions have apparently never spread the disease, even among hemophiliacs. 还有，输血很明显从未传播过这种病，即使在血友病人之间也是如此。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 口蹄疫疯牛病
• Blood transfusions are a special, limited example of tissue transplantation. 输血是一个特殊的、有限制的组织移植的例子。 来自辞典例句

6 promptly   

adv.及时地，敏捷地

参考例句：

• He paid the money back promptly.他立即还了钱。
• She promptly seized the opportunity his absence gave her.她立即抓住了因他不在场给她创造的机会。

7 maternal   

adj.母亲的，母亲般的，母系的，母方的

参考例句：

• He is my maternal uncle.他是我舅舅。
• The sight of the hopeless little boy aroused her maternal instincts.那个绝望的小男孩的模样唤起了她的母性。

8 donors   

n.捐赠者( donor的名词复数 )；献血者；捐血者；器官捐献者

参考例句：

• Please email us to be removed from our active list of blood donors. 假如你想把自己的名字从献血联系人名单中删去，请给我们发电子邮件。
• About half this amount comes from individual donors and bequests. 这笔钱大约有一半来自个人捐赠及遗赠。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 pint   

n.品脱

参考例句：

• I'll have a pint of beer and a packet of crisps, please.我要一品脱啤酒和一袋炸马铃薯片。
• In the old days you could get a pint of beer for a shilling.从前，花一先令就可以买到一品脱啤酒。

10 curb   

n.场外证券市场，场外交易；vt.制止，抑制

参考例句：

• I could not curb my anger.我按捺不住我的愤怒。
• You must curb your daughter when you are in church.你在教堂时必须管住你的女儿。